Natural Night Vision Essays -- Biology

Admit it, night vision is an ability that we would all enjoy having. Who would not want to be able to butt against the world at night without the use of fancy instrumentation, like night-vision goggles?Unfortunately, military personnel become colorblind at night because their eyes switch from normal daytime vision to a color-insensitive rod system. Unlike humans, a lot of other animals have the ability to divulge in the murky. This nocturnal ability is a major subject of research because scientists want to know what causes it, what methodology lies behind it, and what limitations there are.Alnut Kelber, Anna Balkenius, and Eric. J. Warrant studied the night-time vision of a nocturnal hawkmoth, Deilephila elpenor. They wanted to know if the hawkmoths can truly see colors at night, or if they are using other means to find the right kind of flowers to feed from. For example, humans cannot see colors at night and therefore have a harder time differentiating between objects using vi sion alone. However, a person could find provender in a dark room using his or her other senses, such as smell or taste, or could rely on colorless vision to choose food based on its shape. The scientists tested a series of experiments to show that hawkmoths use color-vision at night, as opposed to reverting to their other senses like humans do. Deilephila elpenor moths were happy to associate a sugar reward with a color, either blue or yellow by feeding from colored artificial flowers at a light intensity equivalent to late dusk.Deilephilia Elpenor Moth The moths were tested (without a sugar reward) at five different light intensities ranging from mid-dusk to dim starlight, to see if they could pick the information color from eight different shades of gray... ...we have a limited field of vision, and we cant see in the back of our head.Continuous optic Streamhumans only get one shot to allow their photoreceptors to see an image, the images come through the eyes int o the brain in a unvaried stream and are lost almost immediately, not stored.Advantagesbrain power that could be used to store up images to help see color in the dark can instead be used to make a clearer, better-resolved pictureDisadvantages humans need more than light to see colorPhotoreceptor Types humans also have 3 types, but red, blue, and greenAdvantageswe have trichromatic vision, which helps us differentiate objects and appreciate aesthetically pleasing sightsDisadvantageswe cant see in the UV spectrum, and there are other animals such as butterflies which have 4 or 5 different photoreceptor types and can see more colors than us

The Day of Defeat Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Day of DefeatOperation Overlord, more commonly known as D-day, took place on June sixth, 1944 though, it was non originally planned to happen when it did. In August 1943, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill, meeting in Quebec, Casablanca, or at Yalta with Stalin, would approve or disapprove these plans. One of the first decisions to be made was the agreement to defeat Germany first and fight a holding action in the Pacific until Hitler fell. (Dank, 7). They hold that an invasion of Western Europe would be appropriate, almost a necessity, to defeat Germany, and they felt early May would be the proper time for such an undertaking, which was infrequent at this time in world history due to its sheer size and scope. This would allow enough time for the detailed planning of the invasion, the practicing of paratrooper drops, the ground up of legions, and the never ending briefings. After additional planning, the leaders decided that, in the best interests of the invasion, it should be postponed until a newr bodyguard. ...this operation is fraught with hazards. Unless these hazards are squarely faced and adequately overcome, the operation cannot pull round. There is no reason why they should not be overcome, provided the energies of all concerned are bent to the problem. (www.army.mil/cmh-pg/documents/wwii/g4-OL/g4-OL.htm). The date that the invasion would finally take place would be June sixth. June sixth was chosen as the date for Operation Overlord because of many factors which included a privation of troops that would be available at the original set date tidal conditions weather and a late rising moon. Originally the invasion was deprivation to take place sometime in early May, but when early May approached some of the troops were still engaged in battles elsewhere and would not be available by the time the invasion was scheduled to take place. If the invasion was to have been carried out when it was orig inally planned, the troops would have had to have been bed cover so thinly, in an attempt to try and cover for absent troops, that the outcome of the mission might have been jeopardized. Since every man was needed for the invasion to succeed it was decided to delay the start date. This invasion would be either a victory over Hitler, or an unfathomable defeat. No matter which outcome, there was going away to be a large fatali... ...Since the Allies were not ready when the original D-Day date approached, a new date had to be selected. Many factors were considered in the filling of a new date, and June sixth was chosen as the soonest date that had conditions favorable to the success of the mission. Since Field Marshal Rommel had ordered debris to be dumped in the water around the Normandy shore, creating huge obstacles, one condition was absolutely essential to the Allies low tide. The tide had to be low to allow allied troops to deploy from landing craft behind the obstacles placed under water. The light breeze that was forecast would clear the beaches of the smoke screens that the Allies would lay down, and a late rising moon was a definite benefit, as it would greatly increase the paratroopers safety, since the enemy would not be able to see them. Works Cited Dank, Milton. Turning stain of World War II. New York Franklin Watts, 1984. Outline of Operation Overlord Section VII www.army.mil/cmh-pg/documents/wwii/g4-OL/g4-OL.htm 17 April 2003 D-Day Operation Overlord www.thirdreichpages.org/normandy.htm 23 April 2003 Preparations www.geocities.com/paddyjoe_m/prep.html 23 April 2003

Whole Language versus Phonics Essay -- Education Language Communicatio

satisfying Language versus PhonicsWhole Language versus Phonics has been a question among many top educational groups for years. Which is the best demeanor to teach kindergarten children the proper way to speak and learn the English Language? There are many valid reasons why experts argue for both phonics and/or whole terminology. Both face to be exceptional ways to master the English Language. The purpose of this research paper is to compare phonics versus whole language and to determine how technology can comport each approach.The history of the use of phonics dates back to the 1700s. Backs then, children were taught to read through their memorization of the twenty-six-letter alphabet. Since many books hadnt been written, their primary textbook was the Bible. Although there is no accounts for when whole language originated some believe that it was around the same time as phonics. The whole language reading method was widespread for thirty years, from around 1940 to 1970. From around 1970 to 1990, phonics was popular. Whole Language gained the most recent foothold around 1990. (Stahl 1996) Several times they have departed back and forth. The debate over whole language and phonics has gone on for years. Which way is best in teaching children how to read? The education world has been debating this issue for years and there still are no subscribe to answers. In more recent years instruction specialist have argued that some sort of middle ground should be reached because it would give children the benefits of both. (Cromwell 1997) some(prenominal) form of middle ground needs to be obtained if childrens needs are going to be met.What is whole language? It is the process of learning a language through whole word teaching. Combining reading, writing and s... ...1997). Phonics vs. whole language Which is better? Retrieved may 2, 2004,http//www.superkids.com/aweb/pages/features/reading/phonics.shtmlIRA. (December 2001) Integrating Literacy and Technology in the Curriculum. Retrieved May 3, 2004, http//www.reading.org/positions/technology.html Stahl, S. (1996) History of reading. Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. (CD- ROM). Washington Microsoft Corporation. Ghate, O. (November 20, 2003). Modern Educators vs. Reading. Capitalism Magazine, Page Unknown, Retrieved May 3, 2004. http//capmag.com/article.asp?ID=3337Sanchez, R. (March 19, 1998). A mixed approach to reading. Washington Post, Page A02, Retrieved February 26, 2004. http//www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A99123-1998Mar19Found= unbowedYoung, Laura (2004). Interview at Alpine Elementary, Pearblossom, California.

Monopolies Must be Eliminated in America :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Monopolies Must be Eliminated in America In this day and age, competition (to a certain extent) is considered healthy and, in m whatever instances, encouraged. Every day, adults and teenagers alike struggle to outdo other well-qualified appli washstandts in the job market. Even children as young as four years old can be found competing on the little league field. As one can see, competition is an integral disperse of everyday life however, what happens when competition ceases to exist? It wouldnt be very challenging or rewarding if an applicant received every job for which he applied. And a child wouldnt enjoy playing baseball against himself. Even though it is hard to imagine a world without competition, there are a number of American media businesses that have no or relatively little competition in the market. In the best interest of the public, monopolies, as these competition-less companies are called, extremity to be eliminated immediately. According to Ben H. Bagdikian, m onopolies form for two main reasons money and influence. It is common sense that the company with a very large number of consumers is going to bring up more revenue than the small, independently owned business with a lesser number of customers. The advertising agency Backer Spielvogel Bates recently conducted a four-year occupy of 2,746 companies. This study showed that the companies with 1.5 times the sales of their nearest challengers were 52 percent more cost-effective. Also, it is important to recognize the fact that influence also plays a key role in the motives of monopolistic companies. It is believed that if a certain company can have a marked influence over the publics news, ideas and culture, then this corporation ordain have a much better chance of wielding a significant amount of influence over the public concerning government issues. If this certain media company can manipulate all public ideas and information, it only makes sense that this business will also make a considerable difference when it comes to political news (Bagdikian 1997). I agree with Bagdikian when he states that monopolies form due to a want for money and a need for forcefulness by influencing the public. It is an undeniable fact that money and power influence people in numerous ways. In an attempt to be the best, I believe that many companies simply came to the conclusion that they would have to crush any attempts that were made by a competing company.

The Aborted Contract :: essays research papers

<a href="http//www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Af bring togethers Web SitesThe issue of abortion is emotionally loaded and this frequently makes for poor, not thoroughly thought out arguments. The questions "Is abortion immoral" and "Is abortion a murder" are often confused. The pregnancy (and the resulting foetus) are discussed in terms normally reserved to natural catastrophes (force majeure, in legal lingo). At times, the embryo is compared to cancer after all, they are both growths, clusters of cells. The difference, of course, is that no one contracts cancer volitionally (except, to some extent, smokers --but, then they gamble, not contract). When a woman engages in voluntary sex, does not use contraceptives and gets pregnant - one can say that she signed a contract with her foetus. A contract entails the demonstrated existence of a reasonably (and reasonable) free will. If the fulfilment of the obligations in a contract could be life-threatening - it is fair and safe to assume that no rational free will was involved. No reasonable person would sign or enter such a contract. Judith Jarvis Thomson argued convincingly ("A Defence of Abortion") that pregnancies that are the result of forced sex (rape being a special case) or which are life threatening should or could, morally, be terminated. Using the transactional language the contract was not entered to willingly or reasonably and, at that placefore, is null and void. Any actions which are intended to terminate it and to annul its consequences should be legally and morally permissible.The same goes for a contract which was entered into against the express will of one of the parties and despite all the reasonable measures that the unwilling party adopted to thwart its crystallization. If a mother uses contraceptives in a manner intended to prevent pregnancy, it is as good as saying I do not extremity to sign thi s contract, I am doing my reasonable best not to sign it, if it is signed - it is contrary to my express will. There is little legal (or moral) doubt that such a contract should be voided. Much more serious problems arise when we study the other party to these implicit agreements the embryo. To start with, it lacks consciousness (in the sense that is necessary for signing an enforceable and valid contract). Can a contract be validated even if one of the "signatories" lacked this sine qua non trait? In the absence of consciousness, there is little point in talking about free will.

The Aborted Contract :: essays research papers

<a href="http//www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesThe neck of abortion is emotionally loaded and this oftentimes makes for poor, not thoroughly thought out arguments. The questions "Is abortion immoral" and "Is abortion a murder" argon often confused. The pregnancy (and the resulting foetus) are discussed in terms normally reserved to natural catastrophes (force majeure, in legal lingo). At times, the embryo is compared to cancer after all, they are twain growths, clusters of cells. The difference, of course, is that no oneness contracts cancer willingly (except, to some extent, smokers --but, then they gamble, not contract). When a woman engages in voluntary sex, does not use contraceptives and gets pregnant - one can say that she signed a contract with her foetus. A contract entails the demonstrated existence of a reasonably (and honest) free will. If the fulfilment of the obligatio ns in a contract could be life-threatening - it is fair and safe to assume that no rational free will was involved. No reasonable person would sign or enter such a contract. Judith Jarvis Thomson argued convincingly ("A Defence of Abortion") that pregnancies that are the result of forced sex (rape being a special case) or which are life threatening should or could, morally, be terminated. Using the transactional language the contract was not entered to willingly or reasonably and, therefore, is null and void. Any actions which are intended to terminate it and to annul its consequences should be legally and morally permissible.The same goes for a contract which was entered into against the express will of one of the parties and despite all the reasonable measures that the unwilling party adopted to prevent its crystallization. If a mother uses contraceptives in a manner intended to prevent pregnancy, it is as good as saying I do not want to sign this contract, I am doing my reasonable best not to sign it, if it is signed - it is contrary to my express will. there is little legal (or moral) doubt that such a contract should be voided. Much more serious problems arise when we study the other party to these unverbalized agreements the embryo. To start with, it lacks consciousness (in the sense that is needed for signing an enforceable and valid contract). Can a contract be validated even if one of the "signatories" lacked this sine qua non trait? In the absence of consciousness, there is little point in talking about free will.