Management in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management in Context - Essay Example Even though modern management experts opine that power must not be used as a beating stick to belittle subordinates, they also opine that the feeling that the manager does not want to use the power vested in him or her reduces the scope of the role of the manager within an organisation. Almost all schools of management stress the need for silent power, the kind of power that is felt but never seen explicitly within the organisation. The extent of power as a motivating force as well as a tool to enhance productivity will be discussed in this paper. Power can be manifested within a person as traits. Some people have inherent power in their characters while others seek external objects to display power. In the context of the behaviour of managers, their display of power may be according to certain theories. Many philosophers consider power as a trait. Some people are said to have more powers while others do not have an appearance that exudes power. It follows that some people, even if they are in the lower rung of the management hierarchy, exhibit more personal power than those who may adorn higher positions in the organisation. Aristotles Nichomachean Ethics, which is based on pure observation and interpretation of the ways that the environment and human beings interact, essentially puts that the display of emotion may be related to power or the notion of power. Adapting it to an organisation, we can derive that emotional outbursts control how power is displayed in an organisation. According to Aristotle, vices and virtues are determined by the response that one gives to a particular emotion. For example in response to fear, a person may develop excessive courage, which in the long run may be interpreted as haughtiness and arrogance, a serious issue that confronts managers and subordi nates. For example, a subordinate who is belittled for a long time may develop courage to speak against the management

Studying Literature Essay Example for Free

Studying Literature Essay Contrary to students within other provinces, those in Ontario should study only Canadian literature in grade twelve English courses. Although there are many existing writers in different cultures, it is important for Ontario students to first become familiar with Canadian literature before moving on. It is believed that students should focus on their Canadian culture despite being surrounded by other cultures- promote and establish their own writers, and encourage younger Canadian authors. Pupils currently enrolled in English in Ontario are constantly bombarded by American culture, when they should, instead, be concentrating on Canadian literature. This is starting to become a trend in Canada, as they have always been the â€Å"branch plant† of another country. This means that our own culture has never had the chance to develop as we have always been under the thumb of a more powerful foreign culture. This began with the influence of England and France; for many years students in Ontario would study Shakespeare, along with other British writers. This is no different than the impact of American culture, which swamps Canadawith American authors such as Fitzgerald. However, many schools limit a student’s exposure to Canadian novels to those found on International Studies Preparation (ISP) reading lists. In this sense, Canada is an attic in which we have stored American and British literature without considering our own. As a result, many Canadian students have problems appreciating their culture, since Canadian literature is not promoted well enough. It is no wonder Canadian students have problems appreciating their culture. The Canadian literature most frequently studied is typically old. This literature includes works such as â€Å"The Apprenticeship of Duddly Kravitz†, by Mordecai Richler, â€Å"The Stone Angel† by Margaret Laurence and the â€Å"Fifth Business† by Robertson Davies. The Fifth Business is quite unique since it was published in 1970– over 35 years ago – and yet it is still included in many grade twelve English courses across Ontario. A book that is seemingly closer to our time is Margaret Atwood’s novel, â€Å"Handmaids Tale†, which was published in 1985 over ten years ago. Although most teachers allow, and sometimes even encourage, students to focus on more modern Canadian books for their ISP, their classroom experience is usually limited to studying these older generations of Canadian literature. Schools and educators should start to get students more familiar with both past and present Canadian authors- this could lead any student to the path of becoming an author themselves. Another issue with Canadian literature is that the authors are primarily white (English Canadian) and not reflective of our modern multicultural society. As Robertson Davies states, 2â€Å"Canada is not going to have a national literature in the mode of those European lands where a long history has bound the people together, and where a homogeneous racial inheritance has given them a language, customs, and even a national dress of their own†. We need to promote the work of Canadian authors who have come from different backgroundsand who are able make a connection with our multicultural student body. As Canadians, we are lost in a sea of international influences – we hardly know who we are and this happens many of us realizing it. ‘What is a Canadian? A Canadian is a fellow wearing English tweeds, a Hong Kong shirt and Spanish shoes, who sips Brazilian coffee sweetened with Philippine sugar from a Bavarian cup while nibbling Swiss cheese, sitting at a Danish desk over a Persian rug, after coming home in a German car from an Italian movie.. ’, is an anonymous saying that practically defines the typical Canadian experience. It is clear why Margaret Atwood could comment that Canadians have issues with establishing their identity. When discussing Canadian writers she argues that Canada, as a state of mind, does not really exist: 4â€Å"Im talking about Canada as a state of mind, as the space you inhabit not just with your body but with your head. Its that kind of space in which we find ourselves lost. In conclusion, Canadian literature should be more recognized and promoted within our generation of young students. By familiarizing ourselves with our own writers and disregarding writers from other countries, we can gain more knowledge about authors from Canada and their literature. While some might view this as ignorant, taking this approach will allow Canadian students to see the value of our authors. Once our students have a strong sense of our own writers they can start to read about the achievements of American and British authors as well.

Compare And Contrast The Kngiht And The Squire Essay -- essays researc

Geoffrey Chaucer portrayed a cross section of medieval society though The Canterbury Tales. "The Prologue" or foreword of this work serves as an introduction to each of the thirty one characters involved in the tales. Two of these characters are the Kght and the Squire, who share a father and son relation. These individuals depart on a religious pilgrimage to a cathedral in Canterbury. The Squire, opposed to the Knight, goes for a vacation instead of religious purposes. His intent is not as genuinand pure as his father's. Though the Knight and the Squire are from the same feudal class and vocation, they differ in the fact that the Knight represents how society should have been; and the Squire depicts an accurate portrayal of how it actually was.Chivalry, heroism, and modesty delineate the Knight, whose upright standards and principles illustrate a true gentleman; these characteristics are not evident in the Squire. Even though the Knight has won many wars, he is careful not to brag about his ctories. The most recurrent point in the description of the Knight is the abundance and importance of his conquests; however, the Squire's battles are barely mentioned. While the entirety of the Squire's battles are summed up in two lines ("he had se some service with the cavalry / In Flanders and Artois and Picardy"), the list of the Knight's battles dominates his description (Chaucer 120). The Squire's battles are not fought in the interest of his chivalry. On the...

Mid term Exam

1. a. Opportunity cost is the cost of the foregone alternative.   It is the cost incurred for net selecting a particular course of action.   Opportunity cost is present in a lot of areas in economics, such as labor and capital.b. Increasing costs are expenditure that rises due to a particular activity.   For instance, if the economy is growing and the disposable income of the population is increasing, the velocity of circulation of money will rise.   This will eventually lead to increasing costs.c. Unemployment basically comprises the part of labor, which is capable of working, but which presently is not employed.   Unemployment arises when the actual output of the economy is lower the potential gross national product.d. Scarcity arises whenever the quantity supplied does not meet the quantity demanded for a product or service.   Scarcity can also apply for labor supply, in instances, where the economy is growing at a fast rate, but there is not sufficient labor to accomm odate the job vacancies needed.2. a. Chicken is a substitute product of beef.   Therefore the rise in price of chicken will lead to a rise in the demand of beef leading to an outward shift of the quantity demanded.b. If the wages of meat cutters will increase, more individuals would be interested in working in that area.   Therefore the quantity supplied of meet would increase leading to an outward shift in the quantity supplied.c. As income increases the disposable income of the population will rise.   If meet is considered a luxury good, the quantity demanded will rise because more will be afforded.   As a result an outward shift in quantity demanded will arise.d. If import quotas are eliminated, the competition and supply of beef will increase.   This will lead to a surplus in the market, which will eventually direct to a lower demand.   An inward shift of the quantity demanded will thus arise.3. If for instance, the availability of cows diminishes due to an epidemic disease on cows.   This will direct to a leftward shift in the quantity supplied resulting in the quantity supplied not meeting the quantity demanded.   This shortage of meet, will eventually lead to a shift in the demand curve to reach again equilibrium position at a higher price.   The level of employment will be enhanced due to more number of firms willing to enter the market.   However, such shortage may limit the availability of meet supply.On the contrary if competition is increased in the market of beef, due to a reduction/removal in import quotas or new entry of firms, the quantity demanded will shrink through an inward shift.   This will thus lead to a quantity supplied greater than quantity demanded.   Therefore there will be a surplus of meet supplied that will direct a shift in the quantity supplied to meet again equilibrium at a lower price.   Firms will eventually drop out of the market due to lower profits leading to a decrease in the level of employment in such industry.4. The total utility of a client is maximized when the marginal utility of a commodity is equal to the marginal utility of the other good.   Indeed the indifference curve is a graph that portrays a combination of commodities with the same level of utility.   Points are inputted from the situation at hand, which are eventually connected to form an indifference curve graph.   This holds on the assumption that consumption of goods is varied continuously and not incrementally.5. a. Price elasticity of demand is a measure of the level of responsiveness of the quantity demanded to changes in price.   Price elasticity of demand is not the demand curve.b. The income of an individual is an important determinant of demand.   Income elasticity of demand is a calculation that shows the sensitivity of demand in relation to changes in income.c. In the real world a manager should not isolate on the price of the product or service sold only, he should also consider the p rices of substitute and complementary products and services.   In this respect cross-price elasticity of demand is used to calculate the responsiveness of demand of the product marketed in relation to changes in prices of substitute or complementary products.d. Price elasticity of supply also is a determination of the level of responsiveness of the quantity supplied to movements in price.6. The price elasticity of demand is the effect that a change in a variable will hold on the other variable.   A coefficient price elasticity of demand equal to 1 is attained for a unitary elasticity, one greater than 1 for an elastic demand and one less than 1 for an inelastic demand.   Under unitary elasticity, a percentage change in price will exactly provide the same effect on the quantity demanded.   Therefore a one percent increase in price will lead to a one percent decrease in quantity demanded.An elastic demand is an instance where a change in price leads to a more than proportionat e effect on quantity demanded.   Thus a one percent increase in price will lead to a decrease in demand greater than one percent.   On the contrary, under inelastic demand a change in price will lead to a less than proportionate change in quantity demanded.   So a one percent increase in price will direct to a less than one percent decrease in quantity demanded.7. Under an elastic demand total revenue would decrease when the price rises.   This is due to the fact that the increase in price will be exceeded by the reduction in units demanded due such elasticity.   For instance a product that holds a price elasticity of demand of 5.   If the present demand is 100 units and the actual price is $5, the total revenue is $500.If a 1% rise in price occurs increasing it to $5.05 a fall of 5% in demand will occur direct sales to 95 units.   In this case the total revenue would amount to $479.75, which is lower than the original revenue.   On the contrary, under an inelastic d emand a rise in price will direct to higher revenue since the percentage decrease in units sold would be less than the percentage increase in price.8. The cross-price elasticity of demand for substitute goods is always positive because the price of one item and the demand of the other move always in the same direction.   For example, chicken and meat are substitute goods.   If the price of chicken will rise, the quantity demanded for meat will increase too, because clients will shift from buying chicken to meat.The cross-price elasticity of demand for complimentary goods, on the other hand, is always negative because the price and quantity demanded of the variables at hand move at the opposite direction.   For instance, cameras and films are complimentary.   If the price of films increase, the demand for cameras will fall because fewer customers will purchase cameras in light of additional costs incurred for films, which are necessary for the camera to take photos.9. The fir st and most important is the availability of substitutes.   The more a product or service faces substitute products, the more price-elastic is the demand.   This is due to the fact that if there are close substitutes and the price of the product is increased, the customer will shift to the substitute product and therefore the demand for the commodity will decrease.   For example, if the price of laptop computers were to rise, the demand for such product will probably fall because people will shift to personal computers.It is important to note that the effect of substitutes highly depends on how ‘substitute products’ are defined.   Usually the more specific the definition the higher the number of substitute products.   For instance, if the example of laptop computers were to be lessened to laptop computers of Hewlett Packard, one would find more substitute products like laptop computers of other competing companies, leading to a greater price-elastic demand.The income spent on the product is another determinant of price elasticity of demand.   The higher the income spent on the commodity, the more elastic is the demand.   For example, goods like bread, pepper, and sugar tend to have an inelastic demand curve, because they make up a low amount of the consumer’s budget.While products like cars have a more elastic demand curve due to the fact that people are more cost conscious when products are of a high value and therefore are more affected by changes in price.   However, in practice it is not guaranteed that the hypothesis mentioned in this paragraph actually takes place.   Indeed, some economists weaken the theoretical relationship that exists between the proportion of income spent on the product and the price elasticity of demand.Time element also places significant influence on price elasticity of demand.   The longer the time period, the more price-elastic is the demand, because substitute goods will be adapted or cre ated to cater for the change in price.   For example, if the price of electricity were to increase drastically during the passage of time people will replace their home equipment and appliances to consume less electricity.For instance they may adopt a solar geezer or replace their electric cooker with a gas cooker.   On the contrary, the price elasticity of demand of durable goods behaves in the opposite direction.   For durable goods like cars, the responsiveness of demand to price movements weakens with the passage of time.   This is primarily due that in the long run old cars wear out and clients are forced to replace such vehicles if they intend to remain in the same product category.10. Returns to scale are a production technique that considers how a proportionate increase in factors of production will affect total production output.   There are three stages of return to scale, being constant, increasing and decreasing.   Management should reach the highest point of the increasing returns to scale, where output rises in a higher proportion than input.   Economies of scale are more a cost concept, which examines the effect of production on costs through labor specialization and other technical factors.   The information portrayed below show the costs of production for a particular product.As we can see the higher number of units produced per worker is at 4 employees.   After that a diminishing return to scale will arise.   This coincides to the attainment of economies of scale, where the additional cost per new employee is at its lowest by $1.   In this respect returns to scale and economies of scale are related in the sense they normally correspond with each other.   Indeed, economies of scale normally aid the organization in attaining increasing returns to scale.11. Short-run is considered as any time frame in which there is at least one factor of production that cannot be altered and is considered to be fixed.   In the long run all factors of production are variable and can be altered.   In order to remain operative in the short run a firm ought to cover all the variable costs.   Fixed costs at this stage are considered as sunk costs because they cannot be altered and will not affect the going concern decision.12. Explicit costs are costs that involve a cash outflow of money, while implicit costs are expenditure that does not involve cash payments, such as depreciation.13. The economic concept of profit is based on theoretical constructs.   Originally such concept focused on the difference between revenue and expenditure, being the surplus needed to maintain the capital of the firm.   The economic cost of production for a firm was regarded as the opportunity cost of production.With respect to the accounting concept of profit, one must consider the fact that originally the accounting concept of profit was similar to nowadays-economic concept of profit.   Indeed at the origination of this concept accountants regarded profit from a balance sheet perspective.   However during the passage of time accounting profit shifted to a matching of revenues and costs consumed in a particular period of time.   Accountants contend that such shift developed through the evolution of business enterprises, from a fully liquid business enterprise to large public limited companies.14. a. A firm made Sales revenue of $10,000 and revenue expenditure amounted to $9,000.   Equipment of $10,000 was bought and the present interest rate is 10%.   The accounting profit is $1,000, while there is no economic profit since an opportunity cost of capital of $1,000 is deducted with respect to the foregone money due to the equipment bought.b. A firm made Sales revenue of $12,000 and revenue expenditure amounted to $8,000.   Equipment of $12,000 was bought and the present interest rate is 10%.   The accounting profit is $4,000, while the economic profit is $2,800.c. A firm made Sales revenue of $9,0 00 and revenue expenditure amounted to $7,500.   Equipment of $20,000 was bought and the present interest rate is 10%.   The accounting profit is $1,500, while the economic loss amounts to $500.d. As regards example b, the company is attaining economic rent and will thus continue operating.   Under perfect competition new firms will enter this market in the long term.   In case c, the firm will get out of the market due to an economic loss.   As regards example a, a normal profit is attaining, implying that the market is at an equilibrium and under perfect competition no firms will enter or exit the market. References:Hirschey M.; Pappas J. (1995). Fundamentals of Managerial Economics. Fifth Edition. New York: The Dryden Press.Maunders P.; Myers D.; Wall N.; Miller L. (1993). Economics Explained. Second Edition. London: Collins Educational.

Weekly Routine

I am an engineer. My company is in Longtan Science Park. I live in Nan Kan. It’s a little far from my company and I have to drive a car to company every day. I get up at 7:00 a. m. and next I will try to wake my daughter up after ten minutes’ shower and set the television to cartoons in order to have her attention and it is painful to let her awaken during that time. I send my daughter to her kindergarten before I send my wife to the bus stop to take bus to Taipei. Then I buy breakfast at McDonald's drive-through and finally get on he highway to company, it’s about 8 o’clock usually. I arrive at company after 30 minutes’ drive. After a short break to catch my breath, I wipe my desk firstly and turn on my computer to check the emails for a while. Second, I go pantry room to have a cup of coffee before the weekly meeting at 10 o’clock and in general, the meeting will not finish until lunch time and it always depress me on Monday morning. I come back to work at 1:30 after taking a lunch break and my work ends at 5:30 p. m. Then I go home and spend a good time with my family except for Tuesday and Wednesday due to learning English in Trinity. I will turn on the air condition as soon as I arrive home and then I hasten restroom to wash my daughter’s hands and myself. My daughter starts to watch TV at 8:30 and it’s hard to extract her from it until 9 o’clock. Later I commence to review her lessons and it takes me half hour. Then I wheedle her into sleep and she falls asleep by 10 o’clock. I have my private time after she gets to sleep and ometimes I go internet and kill time and I go to bed at 12 finally. Daily life is almost the same and unchangeable on weekdays but I live a life of diverseness on weekends. I will not get up until 10 o’clock and after that I go brunch with my wife and daughter. We will tour by car or go for an outing somewhere to enjoy our vacation in the afternoon and then go to a restaurant to taste delicacies with family love and joy. I think I am the happiest father in the world as soon as I see the fulfilled smiles of my daughter at that time.

Environmental and Consumer Influence Essays

Environmental and Consumer Influence Essays Environmental and Consumer Influence Paper Environmental and Consumer Influence Paper External factors such as political, legal, social, ecological, cultural, technological and business ethics will be discussed. MAC Cosmetics slogan reads, Professional makeup artist quality cosmetics (MAC Cosmetics). This slogan allows the consumer to know that MAC makeup is so good makeup artist use it. It allows the consumer to connect the dots between makeup artists to celebrities to the consumer and the consumer using celebrity worthy products. With so many other makeup brands MAC Cosmetics is known for being bold and colorful; from their reduces to the celebrities they use to advertise and market their products. For example, Nick Minas, a well-known music rapper known not only for her controversial lyrics but her unique form of dress. She is the flashy and different exactly what MAC Cosmetics attempts to portray their products to be. Before Nick Minas there was Lady Gaga, another example Of an over-the top music artist. When describing the psychological and social factors involved in consumer purchase of this product; MAC Cosmetics much like every product marketer eave researched and studied these factors under a microscope, figuratively speaking. It is important to understand every aspect of a consumers behavior factor to receive a clearer picture on how to market the product. When speaking of consumer psychological and social factors we are speaking of the consumers motives, perception, and attitudes. When analyzing a consumers motives, a motive is defined as a reason for doing something (Merriam-Webster). When comparing one consumer to another the motives may not be all the same. Motives can range from simply deeding a makeup refill to wanting to use a highly advertised product. Wanting to use a popular product such as MAC can then be a psychological factor. When speaking of a psychological factor we then have to take into consideration the needs of this particular consumer. Perhaps this product is used by everyone he or she knows and they merely would like to fit in. But this example is most likely take place in a younger consumer, maybe a high school or college student. Another motive that can be introduced is the consumer may feel good wearing this product. Not only because this product goes what it advertises but because the consul mere likes how they look wearing it. As discussed above, how the consumer feels when wearing the product may allow them to give the perception of flawless skin. The perception goal given by the models and celebrities used to market the MAC Cosmetics products, they want consumers to feel like they can look just like them. To be realistic everyone has some flaw they would like to cover or camouflage and when told by a celebrity who is admired and continuously looks flawless, that will affect the decision of the consumers perception of that particular product. It may also play an important role in which influences the consumer to purchase this product. The perception given by the advertisement then becomes a motive for the consumer to purchase a product they may have had no intention in purchasing. Attitude also plays an important role in purchasing a product like MAC Cosmetics. Attitude is defined as a feeling or emotion toward a fact or state (Merriam-Webster). A consumers attitude may have several factors. A consumers personality, family, and simply a dislike of someone or something may influence a consumers attitude. The perception MAC marketers attempt o portray in MAC Cosmetics is that their product is used by celebrities and models. And for example, Nick Minas, as previously stated above she is a music rapper who seems to have a strong opinion about everything and everyone. Using her as the spokesperson could be safe to say that her attitude describes MAC Cosmetics. Consumers then may translate that and assume that by using this product they too can feel strong and outspoken. Social class also has a lot to do with the purchase of MAC Cosmetics. Unlike some well-known makeup brands, for example Cover Girl or Amiability, MAC s not found in grocery stores or drug stores. MAC Cosmetics is found in higher end department stores such as Nordstrom and Macys and some cities have the MAC Cosmetic stores. The price of the cosmetics is a bit higher than the examples listed above. Which means someone on a budget may not be willing to fork up the extra cash to purchase MAC products. Not saying that you will have to mortgage off your home to purchase MAC Cosmetics but it is definitely a social class factor. Consumers who are or consider themselves in this social class will purchase MAC Cosmetics because like previously issued, it is not utterly available and is more expensive than others. The psychological and social factors all play and important influential role in a consumer. The factors of motives, perception, attitudes, personality, family, social class, and reference group all play important roles and each tie into each other in one or many forms. Marketers are fully aware of these factors and ensure their products are able to trigger a consumers sensation in order to have them purchase the product. But along with psychological and social factors there are also external factors to consider. For example there are political, legal, social, ecological, technological, and business ethic external factors that affect a consumers behavior. Some external factors that may influence consumers to purchase the MAC Cosmetic products are social, ecological, and business ethical. As previously discussed a social factor can be influenced by simply allowing the purchaser to seem as if they are a part of an unspoken club. MAC Cosmetics allows their consumers to feel that they are receiving only the best money can buy. By MAC only selling their products at high end departments tortes it allows the consumer of only those stores to have access to the product. For example because MAC Cosmetics is not found just any where consumers who shop at Wall-Mart would not have access to MAC Cosmetics. This allows consumers in this social bracket to purchase MAC products. Another external factor that may influence MAC Cosmetics purchases is the ecological factor. These days, many beauty companies are setting an CEO- friendly example and MAC Cosmetics is one of them. MAC Cosmetics is offering refillable packaging and compacts, with refills often sold for slightly sees money (Pollack Borer). MAC Cosmetics also rewards for being environmentally thrifty by handing out free lipsticks to customers who return five or six empty product containers (Pollack Borer). Consumers may be incline to support and purchase products from MAC Cosmetics because they are supporting the environment through earth-sustaining and earth-friendly practices. Another external factor that may influence a consumer behavior to purchase MAC Cosmetics is business ethics. For MAC Cosmetics business ethics and ecological factors play hand-in-hand. Along with their ecological raciest MAC Cosmetics contribute to the fair trade and community. Fair trade means paying a fair price for outsourced labor, while community trade creates long-term economic initiatives to ensure sustainability within the communities in which ingredients are extracted (Pollack Borer). MAC Cosmetics and other companies are not only transforming their own products, but also supporting others who are helping the environment (Pollack Borer). As discussed above the analysis of consumers behaviors have many different factors and each consumer situation is different. MAC Cosmetics ay not be for everyone but they try hard to be for everyone.

Little Tree Analysis Essay Example

Little Tree Analysis Essay Example Little Tree Analysis Essay Little Tree Analysis Essay Greetings from Hanoi! I hope you and everyone else is doing well back in Kuching. I presume the weather there is burning hot as usual? Or has it cooled down a bit? Anyway, the reason Im writing this letter to you is to give you an update on the latest book I read. Judging by your massive bookshelf that is overflowing with books, youre obviously an avid reader like me. So, Im hoping to convince you into reading this book, Im sure youll enjoy it! The title of the book is called Digital Fortress by Dan Brown. I know that youve read Angels and Demons as well as The Da Vinci Code. I ALSO know that you enjoyed these two books since you kept persuading me to read them, so, now its my turn. I wont spoil the book by telling the entire plot to you, but Ill tell you enough to make you interested! Lets begin, shall we? The main character of the story is Susan Fletcher. She is the Head of Cryptography in NSA. Youre obviously puzzled by this now, so, allow me to explain. The NSA, short for the National Security Agency is one of the most influential government organizations in the world. The NSAs agenda is to protect U.S government communications and to intercept the communications of foreign powers. To make it simple, this Agency specializes in intercepting emails, chats, telephone lines and etc to provide secure government communication in the event of war. People conducting illegal business of the internet could be stopped with the help of the single most expensive piece of computing equipment in the world, TRANSLTR. I wont go into too much detail about the NSA, youll just have to read it by yourself. Susan Fletcher is a brilliant, beautiful mathematician who specializes in code-breaking for the NSA. Since terrorists or dangerous governments usually encode their messages for secrecy, Susans job was to study the codes, break them by hand, and furnish the NSA with the deciphered messages. The book states many types of codes such as Julius Caesars perfect square cipher box and these codes are truly fascinating to know about! The whole story starts when Susan receives a call from the commander of NSA, Trevor Strathmore, when she was supposed to be on vacation with her fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, David Becker. Apparently, David has also been occupied by some business as well. What is it? you ask. Well, Im not going to tell you. Commander Strathmore has been stumped by a program that he downloaded from the Internet, called Digital Fortress. It is apparently able to generate unbreakable codes that will put a stop to the NSA. Commander Strathmore is stunned by the results when TRANSLTR is unable to break the code to get access to Digital Fortress since it is being locked by a pass-key. The run time for the code of Digital Fortress to be broken has taken more than 15 hours, while the longest code that TRANSLTR ever broke merely took 3 hours. It is a race against time to find the pass-key before it is auctioned off to the highest bidder. Should Digital Fortress be unlocked to the rest of the world, every third-grader wi th a modem will be able to send unbreakable codes that the NSA will be unable to decode. The plot gets more complicated as Susan and Strathmore find out that the creator of Digital Fortress is found dead, but theres an accomplice that also has access to the pass-key. Each chapter keeps you on your toes and its a book thats hard to put down. Each chapter provides more shocking revelations and it gets more and more interesting. Questions will boggle your mind while the answers will only be revealed in the end. Why is David being sent to Spain? Why is being hunted down by a killer? Will they make it in time to save the NSA? What really goes on in the NSA? What really is Digital Fortress? The twist and turns in the story adds to the suspense of the story that continues to build up with each chapter. Caught in an accelerating tempest of secrecy and lies, youll see how Susan Fletcher struggles to save the agency she believes in. Will she be able to win the battle of fighting for her life? Will she be able to save the man she loves? Well, youll find out if you read the book. I highly recommend you read it. Though it sounds complicating since it deals with computers and science, the plot is much more than that. Its made up of drama, secrecy, lies, shocking truth, suspense, love and so much more. This book is an excellent heart-racing thriller and I truly enjoyed every single word of it. Trust me; I know youll enjoy it as much as I did. After all, have I ever lied to you? Well, thats all for now I guess. The next time you should do after reading this letter is to head straight to the bookshop! You know what I mean. Missing you loads and I hope youll let me know what you think of the book. Ill be back in summer to visit you and the rest of our crazy friends.

Top 10 Womens Health Issues and Causes of Death

Top 10 Women's Health Issues and Causes of Death When it comes to womens health, what are the top 10 womens health issues you should be concerned about? According to a 2004 report by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, the conditions described below are the top 10 leading causes of death in females. The good news is that many are preventable. Click on the headings to learn how to reduce your risk: 27.2% of deathsThe Womens Heart Foundation reports that 8.6 million women worldwide die from heart disease each year, and that 8 million women in the U.S. are living with heart disease. Of those women who have heart attacks, 42% die within a year. When a woman under 50 has a heart attack, its twice as likely to be fatal as a heart attack in a man under 50. Almost two-thirds of heart attack deaths occur in women with no prior history of chest pain. In 2005, the American Heart Association reported 213,600 deaths in women from coronary heart disease.22.0% of deathsAccording to the American Cancer Society, in 2009 an estimated 269,800 women will die of cancer. The leading causes of cancer deaths in women are lung (26%), breast (15%), and colorectal cancer(9%).7.5% of deathsOFten thought of as a mans disease, stroke kills more women than men each year. Worldwide, three million women die from stroke annually. In the U.S. in 2005, 87,000 women died of stroke as compared to 56,600 men. For w omen, age matters when it comes to risk factors. Once a woman reaches 45, her risk climbs steadily until at 65, it equal that of men. Although women arent as likely to suffer from strokes as men in the middle years, theyre more likely to be fatal if one occurs. 5.2% of deathsCollectively, several respiratory illnesses that occur in the lower lungs all fall under the term chronic lower respiratory disease: chronic obstructed pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. Typically, about 80% of these diseases are due to cigarette smoking. COPD is of particular concern to women since the disease manifests differently in females than males; symptoms, risk factors, progression and diagnosis all exhibit gender differences. In recent years, more women have been dying from COPD than men.3.9% of deathsSeveral studies involving European and Asian populations have indicated that women have a much higher risk of Alzheimers than men. This may be due to the female hormone estrogen, which has properties that protect against the memory loss that accompanies aging. When a woman reaches menopause, reduced levels of estrogen may play a role in her increased risk of developing Alzheimers.3.3% of deathsUnder unintentional injuries are six major c auses of death: falling, poisoning, suffocation, drowning, fire/burns and motor vehicle crashes. While falls are of significant concern to women who are frequently diagnosed with osteoporosis in their later years, another health threat is on the rise accidental poisoning. According to the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Johns Hopkins, in a six-year study between 1999 and 2005, the rate of poisoning deaths in white women age 45-64 increased 230% as compared to the 137% increase experienced by white men in the same age. Diabetes3.1% of deathsWith 9.7 million women in the U.S. suffering from diabetes, the American Diabetes Association notes that women have unique health concerns because pregnancy can often bring about gestational diabetes. Diabetes during pregnancy can lead to possible miscarriages or birth defects. Women who develop gestational diabetes are also more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes later in life. Among African American, Native American, Asian American women and Hispanic women/Latinas, the prevalence of diabetes is two to four times higher than among white women.and2.7% of deathsPublic awareness of the dangers of influenza has spiked due to the H1N1 virus, yet influenza and pneumonia have posed ongoing threats to elderly women and those whose immune systems are compromised. Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to influenzas such as H1N1 and pneumonia.1.8% of deathsAlthough the average woman is less likely to suffer from chronic kidney disease than a man, if a woman is diabetic , her chance of developing kidney disease increases and puts her equally at risk. Menopause also plays a role. Kidney disease occurs infrequently in premenopausal women. Researchers believe that estrogen provides protection against kidney disease, but once a woman reaches menopause, that protection is diminished. Researchers at Georgetown Universitys Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease have found that sex hormones appear to affect non-reproductive organs such as the kidney. They note that in women, the absence of the hormone testosterone leads to a more rapid progression of kidney disease when they are diabetic. 1.5% of deathsThe medical term for blood poisoning, septicemia is a serious illness that can rapidly turn into a life-threatening condition. Septicemia made headlines in January 2009 when Brazilian model and Miss World pageant finalist Mariana Bridi da Costa died from the disease after a urinary tract infection progressed to septicemia. Sources:Deaths From Unintentional Injuries Increase For Many Groups. ScienceDaily.com. 3 September 2009.Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Sex, United States, 2009. American Cancer Society, caonline.amcancersoc.org. Retrieved 11 September 2009.Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics - 2009 Update at a Glance. American Heart Association, americanheart.org. Retrieved 11 September 2009.Leading Causes of Death in Females, United States 2004. CDC Office of Womens Health, CDC.gov. 10 September 2007.Women and Diabetes. American Diabetes Association, diabetes.org. Retrieved 11 September 2009.Women and Heart Disease Facts. Womens Heart Foundation, womensheart.org. Retrieved 10 September 2009.Women More Likely To Suffer Kidney Disease If Diabetic. MedicalNewsToday.com. 12 August 2007.

MASS MEDIA IN U.S. (SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE) Essay

MASS MEDIA IN U.S. (SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE) - Essay Example Though little research has been done on the exact way the social media affects the character of viewers or followers, it has been observed that people tend to imitate the person they may admire and might even adopt their lifestyles. This is evident in American Idols where participants try to imitate celebrities (Slywester Web; Burgess Web). Stereotypes play a critical role in today’s media where groups of individuals are perceived to act in a specific way. Most stereotypes portrayed in American media are based on ethnicity and races. A good example of stereotyping was depicted in a TV show called â€Å"Jersey Shore† in which American Latinos were increasingly portrayed as promiscuous and indolent. Stereotypes are often used in American media to cause humor though they are often injurious to the groups represented. However, some propaganda is positive and helps in modifying the character of viewers or readers. Another common stereotype in American media is one that portrays Muslims as terrorist. The stereotype is because persons of Islamic origin carry out most terrorist attacks. An additional stereotype in American media is one that portrays black Americans as lesser to other races (Burgess Web). Stereotypes lead to cognitive distortion of perception regarding the stereotyped group. They are mainly based on a character portrayed by one of few individuals in a particular group but tend to be used in reference to members of the entire group. One of the distorted perceptions is the tendency to view the stereotyped group as less diverse. By this, I mean that people start viewing the persons in the group as individuals but rather as a group. Most stereotypes tend to be negative thus conferring undesirable characteristics to all members of a particular group. A good example is in the movie â€Å"the Passion of Christ† which exhibits negative stereotypes against Jews as a group irrespective of the fact that not all Jews are evil. Generally,

The Efforts Put in by Roosevelt in the Building of the United States Case Study

The Efforts Put in by Roosevelt in the Building of the United States - Case Study Example Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born in the year 1882 on the 30th of January in Hyde Park which is located in the city of New York. He was the son of James and Sara Roosevelt. He studies at Harvard College and studied law at the Columbia Law School. He was a lawyer by profession. He got married to Anna Eleanor in the year 1905. Franklin Roosevelt entered politics following the footsteps of his cousin, President Theodore Roosevelt. He was a Democrat and became actively involved in politics. In the year 1910 and again in 1912, he became elected as a member of the Senate of New York. In the year 1913, he was given the role of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy by President Wilson. He played a crucial part in the preparedness of the forces of the United States for the First World War. He was known for his hard work and strength that he put in for the completion of his roles by the members of the Democratic Party. Owing to his good position in the party, in the year 1920, he was nominated for the position of the Vice President by the Democratic Party (WhiteHouse.gov; Miller Center). The year 1921 was a difficult year for Roosevelt as he was diagnosed with the crippling disease of polio. With the assistance of his loved ones as well as self-motivation and courage, Roosevelt managed to rise from the illness and recover. He gained his strength and joined politics again in the year 1928. His success upon his return could be assessed by the fact that he became the Governor of New York in the same year.

This is about International Relations Theory look assignment criteria Essay

This is about International Relations Theory look assignment criteria please - Essay Example However, the formerly mentioned one guided the world towards taking strong and precisely designed military action in order to neutralize the powerful state of that time. The debate was famous for happening in the mid of 1930s and 40s (Jackson & Sorensen 2013). The idealist scholars and theorists urged the world to converge and consequently resolve their issues with the help of international institutions and the elementary argument of this school of thought was the needed growth of economic and fiscal interdependencies so that econometric interests of the entire world can be streamlined. The modern world of international business is representing the practical application of historical idealist theory because nationality was believed to be the base of every war and therefore, internationalization of economic world forces the national level management towards collaboration with other countries and as a result, the traditional animosities of nations are known to degrade because greater l evel of globalization is taking place in the global marketplace. The nations are primarily busy in developing national level competitive advantage. The growing economic pressures in the global market are identified as the primary force that is compelling the nations to grow their collaborative efforts with other economies. The challenges of terrorism and global unemployment and recession are few instances of confronts that require global integration of resources’ deployment. Thusly, it can be argued that violent wars cannot be stopped by supporting more violence but they can be controlled via promoting trade and business because these measures have the power required to impress the humanity with fruits and benefits of collaborative existence and finally, the time is not far away when humans will embrace the idea of global citizenship. Q.2 The notion of unipolarity states that one nation or region will accumulate the power and strength to influence the cultural and value-based outlook of the entire world. The bipolarity and multipolarity tend to establish that human civilizations have different culture and societal realities and therefore, their populations’ mindset are notably different from each other. The difference in cultural norms is significantly noted to be present in case of personal and private values (Jackson & Sorensen 2013). But, corporate culture all around the world is exhibiting Americanization and therefore, the law of effort is prevailing in all parts of the world. Still, few regions are trying to keep their cultural outlook and identity intact. The cultural experts are of the view that they will eventually fail as globalization is going to eat away each and every cultural and normative difference across cultures and nations while, leaving the world with a common culture in a few decades. Therefore, according to modern way of thinking, unipolarity will become a norm in the near future and because of this reason, national and regi onal level conflict will further degrade. In this way, humans may learn to live peacefully as cultural differences are believed to be the major causes of conflict in humanity’s history. Q.3 The liberals believe that democratic governments come into power due to public’s voting authority and therefore, they are well aware of the fact that they are needed to go back to the masses in order to get support in the next election. The need to win the subsequent elections causes the

What are the strengths and weaknesses of dependency theorists Essay - 1

What are the strengths and weaknesses of dependency theorists interoperation of global inequality What are the strengths and weaknesses of modernisation theorists interoperation of global inequality - Essay Example this paper will focus on other factors that are perceived to be of immense significance when it comes to general shortcomings of these theories and their strengths as well. Specifically, this paper is going to evaluate the view of dependency theory in relation to its strengths and weaknesses in relation to interpretation of global inequality. The emergence of dependence theory is based on the questioning of reliability of market-oriented theories like modernization theory. The major issue of concern was to reject the idea that the major reason according to modernization theory, why underdeveloped countries continued to be poor was due to their cultural and institutional faults. Dependency theorist built their argument based on Karl Marx’s capitalism. This is what was highlighted in major areas of concern as to why these countries were underdeveloped. They argued that capitalism was responsible for creation of a class of countries that manipulated other countries (Giddens 2009). This is in relation to what happens to capitalism within a country, where the rich or owners of means of production exploit workers or low class people. In light with this, dependency theorist argues that poverty and underdevelopment of low income countries is as a result of exploitation by the wealthy nations. In their view, dependency theorist believes that this kind of exploitation began with colonialism. This is the spectrum through which wealthy and powerful nations ruled over the weak nations for their greed for profit maximization and domination. For example, powerful nations have colonized poor countries in a bid to acquire raw materials to use in their factories. In addition, they ensure that they control the market from which the poor countries trade on. Unfortunately, the products sold in the controlled market are the end products of the raw materials taken by the wealthy nations. In fact, it is believed that this is well executed by global companies supported by big banks

Chain and Gear Business Expansion Plan 2014 Essay

Chain and Gear Business Expansion Plan 2014 - Essay Example The expansion will include the development of an e-commerce website to increase sells and customer service, development of five new products. The services we currently offer are limited to Used bikes. The new products are new bikes (hybrid and Mountain) from various suppliers, cycling nutrition products such as energy drinks, body armor and Pads from Dainese and finally, accessories and spares. Servicing and maintenance will be offered free for all bikes bought at the shop for a period of 3months from the date of purchase. We expect a gross Margin of 46% on the new products and an expected 40% net margin. The Break-even point is estimated at 710 units. With the changing weather patterns in the UK, sales are expected to be at peak levels in the summer months. Tour De France’s influence on cycling will be important with many communities organizing small events. Chain and Gear will optimize these events to promote its products and increase revenue. The annual expected revenue for 2014 is approximately  £1.7 million, supported by high sales of nutritional products and body armor and pads. Chain and Gear is a sole-proprietorship operating in London’s High Streets of Fulham Road in Chelsea. The company has been in operation for one year and with the increased demand in bicycles, it intends to expand its operations from a small used bikes shop to a high-end value brand with over  £1 Million turnovers annually. This expansion will see an introduction of five new products and a capital injection of about  £70,000. The total cash requirements for the business expansion will be  £84,000. With a capital injection of  £70,000 and credit facility of 60% of start-up inventory, the business will have sufficient cash flow to start.The intended will be funded by a loan of  £60,000 sourced from banks and a  £10,000 cash injection from the owner.  

Why did Christianity become the religion of the Roman Empire Term Paper

Why did Christianity become the religion of the Roman Empire - Term Paper Example Rome citizens lost civic virtue by succumbing to various barbaric invasions (Curran 51). They outsourced the duty to secure the empire from external mercenaries who later were famous which led them to take up the rule of the empire. Pagans increased their level of sacrifices from the fact that Christians had a belief that life existed after one was dead (Bonnet & Mitchell 511). The decline of the Roman Empire is in other regions like North America, it is connected to the rise of a dissenting form of Christianity. In the ancient period, Rome was evil, and decline was due to Christians overcoming their prosecutors. It was in Galerius’ reign that Christians in Rome would freely worship. Galerius being one of the figures in prosecutions granted the practice of the Christian religion in April 311 (Curran 53). Christians enjoyed the right of a legally accepted religion of Rome (Bonnet & Mitchell 511). Christianity was able to gain more members to its faith by the time Galerius term ended. After the reign of Galerius, Constantine took up the Rome Empire; it was during his rule that Christians encountered a turning point. In Constantine, his law, Christianity had significant developments; it became an officially recognized religion. This was made possible when Constantine made use of Christian signs and symbols in his reign although other previous religions such as the sun worship were still observed. Constantine built an entirely Christian architecture that had churches in it and lacked any pagan temples (Sheridan 189). A foundation had been set for what is seen today as the center and origin of the Christian world. Constantius, who was Constantines son, ensured that all pagan sacrifices were banned on the Roman land. Gibbon being paganism challenged the history of the church by the small number of martyrs at the time (187). The church’s traditions were barely questioned. Gibbon believed that the church books were purely secondary materials this is

Chain and Gear Business Expansion Plan 2014 Essay

Chain and Gear Business Expansion Plan 2014 - Essay Example The expansion will include the development of an e-commerce website to increase sells and customer service, development of five new products. The services we currently offer are limited to Used bikes. The new products are new bikes (hybrid and Mountain) from various suppliers, cycling nutrition products such as energy drinks, body armor and Pads from Dainese and finally, accessories and spares. Servicing and maintenance will be offered free for all bikes bought at the shop for a period of 3months from the date of purchase. We expect a gross Margin of 46% on the new products and an expected 40% net margin. The Break-even point is estimated at 710 units. With the changing weather patterns in the UK, sales are expected to be at peak levels in the summer months. Tour De France’s influence on cycling will be important with many communities organizing small events. Chain and Gear will optimize these events to promote its products and increase revenue. The annual expected revenue for 2014 is approximately  £1.7 million, supported by high sales of nutritional products and body armor and pads. Chain and Gear is a sole-proprietorship operating in London’s High Streets of Fulham Road in Chelsea. The company has been in operation for one year and with the increased demand in bicycles, it intends to expand its operations from a small used bikes shop to a high-end value brand with over  £1 Million turnovers annually. This expansion will see an introduction of five new products and a capital injection of about  £70,000. The total cash requirements for the business expansion will be  £84,000. With a capital injection of  £70,000 and credit facility of 60% of start-up inventory, the business will have sufficient cash flow to start.The intended will be funded by a loan of  £60,000 sourced from banks and a  £10,000 cash injection from the owner.  

Working with Children from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds Essay

Working with Children from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds - Essay Example Its importance cuts across the board from support staff to specialists in a particular field. Russell (7) appreciates the difficulty in working with children and families due to the rapidly expanding development in research findings on brain science and early childhood education. Alongside this, there have been changes in early childhood systems which affect accreditation and licensing as well as curriculum and models of delivery. Whereas the amount of growth and change presents great opportunities for quality improvement in this sector, necessary tools need to be implemented to ensure alignment with the changes. Professional development among teachers who impart development among children also becomes an important consideration. The features necessary for achievement of effective professional development include adopting new forms in teaching that include strategies such as mentoring, study groups and research projects. As these strategies take more time than the traditional approac hes, Gay (106) notes the importance of extending development programs over a longer time span. Collective participation where teachers would be given the chance to work with their counterparts would be critical in building communities hence resulting in sustainable change in professional development. ... The employer should also offer support by creating opportunities to enable employees discuss developing practice. The exchange of diverse knowledge propagates self development among professionals. With the increased cultural diversity among children in learning institutions, EHSNRC (5) asks teachers to be prepared to handle considerable diversity in children experiences. This raises the need for culturally responsive teaching where cultural experiences, perspectives and characteristics would be used as tools for effectively teaching them. The assumption here is that when knowledge and skills are based on children’s frame of reference and lived experience, they become more personally meaningful and learnt more thoroughly and easily. Explicit knowledge on cultural diversity would be an important consideration in meeting developmental needs of ethnically diverse children. Gay (107) notes that this knowledge includes understanding the characteristics of cultures and the contributi on by various ethnic groups. Culture encompasses various issues including cultural values, learning styles, traditions and communication. As such, Byrd-Blake and Olivieri (9) outlined five steps to be adopted to ensure development among culturally different children: acquisition of explicit knowledge on cultural diversity; collection of factual information on cultural particularities of various groups and consequently designing instructional strategies and curricula; creation of conducive climate for learning among ethnically diverse children; adoption of effective cross-cultural communication; and appropriate delivery of instructions to ethnically diverse children. Various tools should be employed to ensure development in culturally diverse environment. Gay

Benjamin Franklin’s Life and Study Essay Example for Free

Benjamin Franklin’s Life and Study Essay The following discussion is based on an article, â€Å"Franklin, Modernity, and Themes of Dissent in the Early Modern Era† by â€Å"Carla Mulford† from â€Å"Modern Language Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2. (Spring 1998), pp. 13-27. This has been taken from â€Å"JSTOR† Archives. JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository for academic journals and scholarly literature around the world. It is supported by Libraries and Scholar Societies. The article discusses about Franklin’s views on Religion, Metaphysics and Deism. One can see how dissent was meant in Franklin’s days and how it’s perceived now. Creation of American Dream, learning about socio metaphysical ways of leading a life and several facets of Franklin’s views on religion can be seen here. Franklin was a precursor among â€Å"natural scientists† and his work on natural philosophy is also discussed here. Also his association with his friend’s daughter as a tutor and assisting her to pursue her study on natural philosophy and his views on historical production can be examined. He was more a deist than an atheist but people see him more as an atheist in his days and some of his family members too were of the same view. His similarities with George Whitman and other personalities are discussed. His spoofs on religion, advice to people to indulge in philosophy and to be useful to fellow beings, his facts about Bible and Christianity during her grand fathers’ days can be examined here. Franklin was a pioneer in more than one field and he was also a successful businessman and a diplomat. In author’s view, history production involves some assumptions about the past and some relevance to national myth making and silencing the past. Since the stories of the past are forever expandable, the accumulation of multiple stories blocks a nation’s ability to accommodate stories of other sort which might disrupt the conventional and accepted wisdom about their founding fathers. She quotes Trouillot suggestion that if the producers of the stories in the past lived inequalities then the stories yield unequal historical power (Carla Mulford, P 13). In the same context she says, US citizens who knows much about Benjamin Franklin doesn’t know about his son and who bore him and the records which exist are silent on this issue. Also when people speak about confederation and constitution, they tend to speak about Anglo-American debates and the Civil war instead of the native people representing the six nations. Also she quoted Benedict Anderson’s words; US community alienates themselves from conventional ideas of â€Å"dynastic empires, absolutisms, serfdoms, ghettoes† and is more inclined to â€Å"republican institutions, nation-states† (Carla Mulford, P 15). Benjamin Franklin was a Scholar, Deist, Philanthropist, Writer, Diplomat, Journalist, Civil Leader and a Scientist. There is more to his astounding brilliance in every respective field. Franklin and Religion: His was a puritan family and it had much influence on him. His religious views were simple and straightforward. According to him, religion should make people do more good and help our fellow beings. Deists don’t believe in orthodoxy and age old superstitious customs. Although he was a deist, he was more outspoken and sometimes confesses that this doctrine though true is less useful in making people virtuous. He always believes that service to mankind is service to God. He had Unitarian views and sometimes visits Unitarian Churches along with his friends. However he cannot be included among the Unitarians as he never openly stated about his inclination towards Unitarianism. He used to go to Unitarian Churches with his friends. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"Deism is a religious philosophy and movement that derives the existence and nature of god from reason and personal experience in contrast to theism†. He rejects orthodox Christian views. In a way he dissents the principles of Church. In his days, dissents were those who speak against church. Religion used to be associated with almost everything and hence to speak against something orthodox was treated as dissentious. Explaining about the dissenting nature of his family he says how his Great Great Grandfather conceals the English Bible from the officers of the spiritual court. He admires the Evangelist Preacher, George Whitefield. He says religion should be the best way in explaining morals to the people. In Geoffrey Sills lines of similarity between Franklin and Whitman Their strong interest in science and technology and America was a radical experiment in democracy and their similar views on religious dissent†. Thus Franklin’s view of religion as a moral freedom brings closer outlook on the religion disciplines which people follow. He had friends among Unitarians, Deists and other religions. He treats all religions the same. When he supported his friend to setup a Unitarian Church he stated that whoever leader comes irrespective of religion should be allowed to preach. On his funeral, people who thronged to see him were a mix of all religions. There were views in those times that people who believe in science doubt religion. Franklin doesn’t agree to this. Instead he sometimes confesses the virtues of religion. Franklin, a Scientist: Franklin was arguably the first American Scientist. He crossed the Gulf Stream and he used to take weather forecasts on his horse ridings. He studied storms and discovered Electricity. He was also the founding father of Civic Science in America. One can see Franklin flying a kite in their school text books. Being a Civic Scientist, he did public service and organized sermons. He formed the JUNTO, a discussion group for his friends, leaders and business people. He promoted Libraries, Civic Societies and Education, Hospitals and Schools. He developed Mail Delivery System and Dead Letter Office. With one of his French friends, he once queried, â€Å"What signifies Philosophy that doesn’t apply to some use? † He regards insects worthy of an enquiry and research because, as per him, even appropriate use of insects can benefit humans. He says one should never neglect one’s essential duties in keeping line with the study. He wrote in â€Å"Poor Richard† for October, 1750, â€Å"Hide not your Talents, they for use were made, / what’s a Sun-Dial in a Shade! † He invented Franklin stove and bi focal lens. He also studied sea water luminescence and ocean temperatures. He explained about the dangers of Lead Poisoning and hypothesized about Wave Theory of Light. Franklin, a Diplomat: He encourages Education. He wasn’t sent to school due to his father’s poverty. He was mostly self educated. He worked in a printer shop initially and then later shifted to work in a press. He was one of the founding fathers of America. His role in American Revolution is still remembered. Franklin was courageous and bold and had very good rapport with French and resolved most of the issues during the war. Franklin with all his diplomacy skills worked in forming a peace treaty during the war with French. He helped in the establishment of Pennsylvania’s first State University. A town was named after him due to his services. He was also famous for his anecdotes. Conclusion: This article covers almost all aspects of Benjamin Franklin, his personality and his achievements. I can clearly examine his views on religion and how he was a dissent among his people. Till date whenever I hear of Franklin, I can only imagine a bald guy flying a kite and running as this should be the case with most of the people. Our schools teach Franklin’s discovering Electricity in thunder storms. It’s only after reading the essay that I found the innumerable qualities and facets of his life. I came to know now that he was not only a scientist but a diplomat. You would see him in almost every walk of life. There is no surprise to find his name under every subject. Apart from Electricity I usually hear his name linked with American Revolution, his diplomacy in having a peace treaty with France. Now I can imagine how great a personality like him would be. His life spanned over eighty years ranging from a writer to a scientist and to a Legislative member. He was the founding father of the concept of Great American Dream. I’ve also found out from this essay about his works on Natural Philosophy. I’ve also learned about his role as an educationist and in promoting Women Education. Also I came to know about his friends among several religious groups and about his mutual interest in both deism and Unitarianism. He is famous for his wit and humor. There was a story that during Constitution Writing which Franklin resolved a hard stop by asking the Ministers in the Council to pray for a few minutes. Most of them didn’t agree and he resolved the issue without a prayer. America would remember Franklin as long as they remember Martin Luther King. Work Cites World Wide Web: 1) â€Å"Ben Franklin Scientist and Philanthropist†. http://www. nps. gov/archive/inde/Franklin_Court/Pages/franklinscientist. html 2) â€Å"Franklins Contributions to the American Revolution as a Diplomat in France†. http://www. ushistory. org/valleyforge/history/franklin. html 3) Lane, Neal. â€Å"Benjamin Franklin, Civic Scientist†. October 2003, page 41. http://www. physicstoday. org/vol-56/iss-10/p41. html 4) Rev. Clear, Bruce. THE RELIGION OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. Sunday. May 1. 2005. All Souls Unitarian Church. Indianapolis. http://allsoulsuuindy. org/ser20050501. htm.

Dramatic Tension in An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestly Essay -- Engli

How does J.B. Priestly create dramatic tension in An Inspector Calls? In "An Inspector Calls," dramatic, tension is created in many ways. First of all is Conflict. There is conflict within the family initially. This is mainly in the generations; Mr Birling isn't particularly proud of his son Eric and so he isn't as kind to him as he is to other members of the family. Just keep quiet Eric. As you can see, he doesn't really respect him at all. This is what Mr. Birling says to Eric after Eric asks if it was because of Mr. Birling firing Eva that she committed suicide. Rubbish! If you don't come down sharply on some of these people, they'd soon be asking for the earth. This is Mr. Birling's response after Eric tells him that he wouldn't have fired Eva. Eric is implying here that Mr. Birling was over-reacting in throwing her out, and that he should have kept her working there. After this, Eric once again brings the topic up that Mr. Birling shouldn't have fired Eva. Eric says this: And I don't see why she should have been sacked just because she'd a bit more spirit than the others. This is how Mr. Birling replies to that comment: (Rather angrily) Unless you brighten your ideas, you'll never be in a position to let anyone stay or to tell anybody to go. It's about time you learnt to face a few responsibilities. Mr. Birling saying this shows that he has no faith in his son and he feels that he will not amount to anything. Mr. Birling prefers Gerald to his son. This is obvious as he is always flattering him and giving him more respect than to Eric. This is probably another way to make Eric feel bad, to maybe get him motivated. This is the sort of thing Mr. Birling says to Eric: I'm treating ... ... to help with the baby. All of the sequences connect well and very neatly which helps to give the play more tension; because of what one person, the next thing can happen, and because of what they did, the next thing can happen and so on. This makes the play more exciting and helps it flow better, which shows it is professional and well written. In conclusion to the question, J. B. Priestly creates tension through Conflict, Dramatic Irony, Interrogation Techniques, Relief, Creation of Doubt, chain of consequences and Mystery, and Shock. These methods of creating tension are very effective and ultimately there is a lot of tension in the play. The play can get exciting in certain places due to the tension of what will happen next; what effect will one thing have on another? All in all, the play is Very well written and the dramatic tension is excellent.

Genesis, the Education of Abraham Essay -- Holy Bible Genesis Essays

Disillusioned Latin students, who cringe at the thought of repeatedly scribbling their grammar, are often told by their teachers, "Per repitio nos studiare," which translates to "through repetition we learn." Though this may seem hard to believe as their hands begin to cramp, it bears a certain amount of truth. As my grandfather once told me, "Experience is often the best teacher." Truly gaining an understanding of something often comes from repeated involvement. Repetition is also the concept that the Hebrew Creator-God uses throughout the story of Genesis to educate Abram about God's purpose and His nature. God is aware of the doubtful and cynical nature of Abram. Over time, God uses Abram's own repeated mistakes to build a conceptual understanding of Himself for Abram. This model provides Abram with a relevance for God in Abram's own life. Though the classic view depicts the patriarch Abraham as blindly, obedient, there is significant evidence within the story of Abraham to show that he was not so naturally submissive. The text often depicts Abram as doubtful, indignant, and sarcastic to a fault. Taking this side of the text in context illustrates Abraham as the antagonist in a battle against God. In this struggle with God, Abraham achieves excellence by learning, through repetition of his own errors and the reinstatement of God's promise, that it is in his best interest not to fight against his own personal idea of God, but to recognize, respect, and accept the true will of God. The story of Abram begins when, at age 75, he is called by God to leave his home and all that is familiar to him. In return God promises: "I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee, and make thy name great; and thou shall be b... ...ith the Creator-God, but with his misconception of the relationship that must exist between himself and God. Through his repeated disrespect and misunderstanding of who God is Abraham learns about his faith, his God, and himself. Although it may seem trivial, there is a legitimacy in asking a Latin student to rewrite a 300 page grammar book 300 times. The legitimacy lies in the fact the student will learn the Latin, even though he may have a cramped hand. Much like the Latin students, Abraham learns the to recognize respect, and accept the will of God through a repetitious cycle that brings him a cramped ego. Surely he would agree with the Latin scholars when they say "Per repitio nos studiare." Work Cited The Holy Bible, King James Version. Cambridge Edition: 1769; King James Bible Online, 2015. Web. 28 June 2015. http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/.

Journeys End †R.C.Sherriff †“Character of Stanhope” Essay

Explore the ways in which Sheriff presents the character of Stanhope â€Å"How is the dear young boy? Still drinking like a fish, as usual?† The character of Stanhope is introduced by Hardy in Act 1, without him actually making an appearance. Osborne shows respect to Stanhope and is clearly angry and annoyed by the way Hardy is dismissive of Stanhope’s ability. Already, we are presented with two contrasting views of Stanhope. By considering the way in which both characters discuss him, we can address the question of whether or not Stanhope possesses heroic qualities. The play depicts the horror of trench warfare; it gives us an insight into what life is like in the war, the reality of the war and the reality of heroism. Heroism is to show great courage and bravery. A lot of men in the war signed up because when the war was over they wanted to be seen as a hero. None of these men had any idea about the reality of the treacherous conditions in the trenches. R.C Sheriff wanted to dispel the myths about the horrors of the war and address how real men survived; the heroic men. In this essay, I am going to analyse Act 1 and Act 2, scene 2. I will look at the ways in which Sheriff uses language, stage directions and dramatic devices to present the character of Stanhope and I will address the question as to whether or not Stanhope possesses heroic qualities. In Act 1, the character of Stanhope is introduced. This has a major impact on the audience. It builds up tension for stanhopes arrival and provides the audience with valuable information about the character of Stanhope. Hardy shows disrespect towards Stanhope, for the simple reason that he ‘likes a good drink’. Osborne is indignant over these comments and continually informs Hardy of his dedication, loyalty and perseverance. â€Å"Oh he’s a good chap† Hardy says this in a patronising manner, dismissing his abilities as a leader. He does not share the same respect but instead uses Stanhope’s values as an amusement. He was particularly amused at the fact that Stanhope missed his leave. He put it down to the reason that he did not want to show his family the drunkard state he was in. Maybe, the actual reason is that he  is so loyal to his men that he does not want to abandon them. Osborne repeatedly defends Stanhope and emphasises the fact that he had seen him suffering all day, physically and mentally, then out on duty all night. â€Å"Young Stanhope goes on sticking it, day in and day out† This comment recognises Stanhope’s quality of loyalty, commitment and overwhelming mental strength. It is for these qualities that could describe Stanhope as a hero. Sheriff’s purpose of including this scene in the play is to present the audience with two contrasting views of Stanhope. By doing this, he heightens the eager anticipation and curiosity. The audience are left to develop their own opinion on the character of Stanhope. In Act 1, scene 1, Sheriff presents the audience with another characters opinion of Stanhope. We can see that Raleigh is very enthusiastic and keen to talk about Stanhope. Dramatic devices are used to create an alternative perspective if Stanhope. Osborne: D’you know him Raleigh: Yes, rather! †¦ Osborne: He’s a splendid chap Raleigh: Isn’t he? His reactions to Osborne’s comments show that he highly respects Stanhope and is in total awe of him. He looks up to Stanhope as a kind-of role model. ‘He looked splendid in it’, Raleigh’s language used to describe Stanhope suggests that he worships him. He uses words like â€Å"splendid† and â€Å"amazing† and â€Å"terrific†. This shows his excitement and wonder at being placed under his command. The scene on a whole shows Stanhope as a hero figure. Raleigh is in awe of him like a school boy idolises an older student. In Act 2, scene 2, Hibbert is taken aback when Stanhope admits to suffering from neuralgia also. Hibbert: This neuralgia of mine. I’m awfully sorry. I’m afraid I can’t stick it any longer Stanhope: I know it’s rotten isn’t it. I’ve got it like hell Hibbert: (taken aback) you have? In this scene we do not know whether Stanhope is actually suffering from neuralgia. However, it seems apparent to believe that he is from the earlier discussion of hoe Stanhope deals with pain. Hibbert is using this illness as an excuse to leave. If Stanhope is suffering from neuralgia too, then why should one leave and not the other? Stanhope takes away Hibberts excuse to leave- the fear of life the trenches. Stanhope does not want one man to jeopardise the lives of others around him. Hibbert: I’ll go right along now, I think- Stanhope: (quietly) you’re going to stay here. Stanhope shows control and authority by saying this. He stands his ground and is firm in his words, but at the same time is calm and composed. This shows his natural skill as a leader and strength to keep his men together. In this sense Stanhope can be described as showing heroic qualities, fidelity and compassionate love to all under his command. With the use of dramatic devices, the character of Stanhope is introduced to the audience. Throughout the play, Sheriff continually uses these techniques and we are left feeling totally in awe of Stanhope’s fine comradeship, born leader skills and compassionate love to all in his battalion. Although Stanhope â€Å"likes a good drink† his weaknesses are overlooked by his dedication, loyalty and perseverance. Stanhope has suffered the dreadful conditions of trench warfare but still â€Å"goes on sticking it, month in, month out†. In the eyes of his men â€Å"there isn’t a man to touch him†.

Hydroelectric in Philippines Essay

It is known to us that energy become more and more important to human beings. People can not live without energy. They use energy everywhere, but pew of them can give a clear definition of it. Because of people’s widely use, the energy on the earth reduces steadily, people are trying o find the energy which can be renewable. Energy is the thing which has the ability to work. It can be stored or be a poverty of an objects motion. It can move from one object to another, and defines the capacity of system to do work. Obviously, renewable energy is the energy which can be used over and over again, from natural sources. There are so many renewable energy people use nowadays. For example, they use solar energy, the wind and the hydro power. From year 1981 to 1991, renewable energy developed very fast, and the following text may concentrate on the hydro power. Hydro power is the energy driven by water turbine, People always use it to produce electricity. The falling water drives the turbines, and the turbines in turns to drive the generators. Then the generators translate the turbines’ mechanical energy into electricity. The hydrologic cycle produces neither atmospheric nor the normal pollution. Hydro power has been used since ancient time, and is can be used for grinding floor and performing other tasks. In 1878, the world’s first hydroelectric station was developed in NORTHUNLAND, and by 20th century, it become the largest part of renewable energy all over the world. Everything has two faces. Though the hydroelectric has a lot of advantages, for its low cost and low pollution, still it has some disadvantages. In some Asian countries, like Philippines and China, people can see the hydroelectric production clearly by year. There are some hydroelectric stations which are typical in these countries. Like the Bela in Philippines and the Three Gorges Dam in China. What’s more, we can also know something about the development of hydroelectric in these countries. The following text will give more details about the hydroelectric production, the hydroelectric stations and the future development of hydroelectric in Philippines and China. Body: â…  .Hydropower production by year Since the first Edison hydroelectric power plant begin to use in 1882, September 30th, (industry archive logy review, 1987), hydroelectric become fast developing. During 1981 to 1991, it developed very fast. It can be seen clearly that hydroelectric become more and more important in human’s daily life, and also they can see the trend of development of hydroelectric in Philippines and China. In Philippines, people can get the information directly from the line chart that there was a fluctuation in it. It produced about 3.8 billion KWH in 1980, and had a tiny increase reached at 4 billion. Then it fell back to 2 billion KWH in 1983 and raised again. It has risen steadily from year 1983 to year 1986, from 2 billion KWH to 6billion KWH. Things looked the same from then on, but the trend is increasing. By the year 2003, the production of hydroelectric power was more than 10 billion KWH. After that, it remained steadily, by the year 2010, the production of hydroelectric was 9.8 billion KWH. Hydroelectric in Philippines takes 19% of all electricity consumption and the rate constant for decades. (Bronuyn-W, 1998) However, in China, the hydroelectric production grows steadily. It has risen from 80 billion KWH in 1980 to more than 300 billion KWH in 2003. People can predict from the line chart that it will be a more and more part of energy in Chinese electric production. It takes about 49% of all the renewable energy in China. (World Institute, 2010) Hydroelectric is very important, not only in these two countries, but also all over the world. In Democracy Republic of Congo, Paraguay and Brazil, hydroelectric takes 85% of their electric. In the USA, more than 50% of electric comes from it. That means hydroelectric really plays an important role in people’s life. â… ¡.Examples of the hydro electric station For the reason that hydroelectric really take a great part in electric production, there are some hydroelectric plants which are typical in Philippines and China. In Philippines, the AGUS-â… ¡ station may be the earliest one. It located on Lanow del Sur. The operator of it is National Power Corp. It can produce 3*60 MW Francis and still it can be used though it was been built in 1979. The BELEA, which is the biggest one in Philippines is located on Negros Occidental. It has been built in 2008, and can produce 1*39 KW crossflow. The operator of the BELEA is WINROCK international-preview Negrs. In China, the Three Gorges Dam should not be missing. It began to built when in December 1994, and was finish in May 2006. It is expected to produce 18.2 billion pound watts, and it is the biggest hydroelectric station in China. In 2008, October, all the equipment in the Three Gorges Dam were put into use. Evidently, it dose solve the electric-short in eastern China. Another hydroelectric station in China which usually be ignored is call XIN’AN River Station. It was built in 1957 and finished in 1960. It is the first station China designed and built itself. It has been working for more than 50 years and it can produce 1.96 billion KWH per year. â… ¢ .The influence to Environment and People Everything has two sides, no exception for the hydroelectric station. As stated in the previous paragraph, the hydroelectric station has some bad effects. Generally, the disadvantages can be listed as follows. For the reason there are so many hydroelectric station on Changjiang river, there will take it for example. The most direct impact of cascade reservoirs is that continuity of river is break. Though it may make people have more place for cultivation, it may caused some endangered species died out. It will damage the habitat of the fish even the HUCHO BLEEKERI, a kind of rare fish has already died out. The disappearing of the species may affect the structure and balance of entire ecosystem. In some places, to build a reservoir will make the effiency of water utilization, anyway, the flood and low-flow process of ricers is weakered at the same time. Because of that, some species which live based on it may be damaged. The construction of large-soale will produce obvious impact on the habitat since reservoir impoundment. Because of the slow down speed of the rivers in reservoir area, the water receiving sewage ability and self-purification capacity will reduce. Besides, many floodplain is submerged by reservoir, it will cause the problem that may farmland will lose. The hydroelectric station also has the influence to the climate. It will impact on the temperature, the rain fall and so on. Moreover, it may induce geological such as earthquake and landslide. â… £ Future development of hydroelectric Though the hydroelectric stations have some bad effects, anyway people now are trying to develop it. It has several advantages. It has the low power cost. It is known to people that many plants can service for 50 to 100 years. It is much cheaper than fossil fuels. It can also reduce the CO2 emission which makes contribution to alleviate the green house effect. And it is suitable for industrial application and flexiable to use. What is more, it also provide facilities for water sports, and some plants even become tourist attractions themselves. In all, people are coming to realize the importance of hydroelectric. They have begun to try their best to develop it. It can be predicted that the hydroelectric will develop faster and faster, not only in Philippines or China, but also around the world.

“Eating green” by Margaret Lundberg Essay

In Margaret Lundberg’s short story â€Å"Eating green† she has a theory about the planet becoming a healthier place to live if everyone became a vegetarian, which I believe is true. Lundberg talks about her childhood and how right off the bat her mother had her eating healthy food and that pretty much stuck with her through out her whole life. â€Å"We had two vegetables with every meal, ate plain yogurt for breakfast, and excercised with jack LaLanne.† If most families started off like that it would be easier for kids to enjoy eating healthier food now instead of them liking junk food. Most people do not realize that what they eat does effect the planet and how we live on a daily basis and how badly it effects our health. If everyone became a vegetarian the rates of obsesity, diabetes, heart disease and other illness might become lower. The process of getting meat is causing some severe problems on earth such as pollution, global warming, and the dependence on f ossil fuels. â€Å"The energy it takes to raise, package, transport, store and prepare food is not the single largest contributor to global warming.† (Kate Geagan) If all those problems could be solved by switching some of the things we eat, why not do it? It would definitely be hard and a cultural shock to Americans but if it can help our future loved ones I would be with it. The meat that is produced is not how it once use to be. Cows do not live their lives on Pastured lands eating grass anymore they are now fed a diet that is not intended for them; fed corn in a short time as possible to speed up the process of being slaughtered and sold. That doesn’t sound so healthy or appetizing after reading those facts. â€Å"Livestock raised for meat production are responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse gas emissions-more than the cars we drive.† Not only is it Some what unhealthy for us to eat but for the world we live in also. Meat all together is not competely horrible for you it’s the portions we eat. Meat has nutritional value and even the fat in meat are sometimes healthy. The stearic acid found in fat in meat can actually lower blood cholesterol levels. With the pros there’s the cons as well, â€Å"Americans are now eating nearly 200 pounds of meat, poultry and fish every year; an increase of 50 pounds per person in the last 50 years† ( Lumdberg) some very high numbers for what the appropriate amount should actually be. Farmers do not want to be looked at as the bad guys in all of this, which they aren’t, everyone has to make a living. A group of New York farmers thought of an idea to work with General Electric to produce  renewable energy from cow manure. That is a pretty good idea to try and atleast get something good out of the slaughtering of the cows to try and help the planet Earth out. If successful the dairy industry would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent in 2020, basically the equivalent of getting 1.25 million passenger cars of the road every year. That is a good idea but it still does not solve all the other major problems that switching your diet could help. In conclusion, I personally feel that it will not hurt to try something new. Like I mentioned earlier it would be extremely difficult to get used to but if it is benefiting you, others and the planet might as well take a chance. Why wait till it is to late to change your habits of wanting a 16 oz steak over a green salad knowing how many pros it would be to choose that salad. If things continue to go as they do, there will be no more places to raise these cows to produce meat because global temperatures are raising, causing serious climate changes In places that are specifically used for farming. Eventually there will not be enough meat to feed everyone leaving everyone to forcefully change their diets, why not do is a choice and not because you have no other options.

Level of service of safety (critical review) Essay

Level of service of safety (critical review) - Essay Example This is because, there are many accidents that occur in different roads, but he rural or two lane roads remain unattended and not maintained to the standard of safety that is required for a standard road. In the analysis of the highways as the report portrays, rural; roads or two lane roads are more prone to increased road accidents and fatalities at both low and high range AADT due to their design. Therefore, the report is authentic enough and treats the problem in detail, and might be put into practice by road design professionals. Kononov and Allery (60) argues that a road safety analysis has to include the analysis of the severity of accidents and their numbers, while a second approach has to be based on the injury and the fatal accidents only. The safety of a road network has to largely indicate the number of accidents per year or and the number of fatalities and injury that result from such accidents or the AADT. It is through these factors that are ad might be classified to be either safe or unsafe in regard to road transportation. These are the important factors hat are considered when marking out black spots or areas with a higher number of road accidents and fatalities per year. Though as Kononov and Alley (60) elaborate most super highways are designed within standards, there exists dispersion where accidents are more prone and more fatal compared to other sections. These sections or black spots as they are often referred are unidentified though such data and engineers are able to verify and redesign such sections of roads to enhance the level of safety and impact a better safety performance function. A report financed by the European Union on road safety management (14) establishes the steps that have to be included in road network safety management. Theses steps are the data collection on traffic, roads and accident

Lean management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lean management - Essay Example Five principles of lean management includes specify value and identifying the customers, finding the value stream, make value flow, respond to customer pull and seek perfection (Hines, 2010). Increase in consumer demand for quality and fierce competition has created a significant impact on fast food markets. Toyota Motor Company was the first business corporation to extensively develop the concept of lean management in the late 1970s. The occurrence of global recession has created a detrimental effect on organization to reduce costs. McDonald’s have set their sights on nullifying the issue by implementation of lean management. A set of key practices have been utilized by McDonalds to deliver effective service to the customers. Overproduction, inventory, motion, wasting time, defectives and transport are the seven sources of waste that are required to be eliminated. Overproduction is one of the sources that are eliminated by McDonalds by introduction of new system to prepare limited stocks of sides, salad, ingredients and patties to combine them in to finished product. The lessening of duration of the process to 3 minutes has reduced the risk of overproduction. The organization succeeded to maintain the overall production cycle time between 1 and 15 minutes, which enhances customer satisfaction and waste reduction (Muller, 2012). One of the vital elements that company should focus on is continuous improvement by sharing best practice and regular audits. This links with the principle of pursuing perfection. The set of ideas of lean philosophy are no waste and perfect quality can be achieved by application of this process. An opportunity of wastage and cost is incurred by holding stock. McDonaldscan eliminate all inventories by implementation of sophisticated stock control system. The excess handling of goods has resulted in to occurrence of

The Current State of the Wheeler-Lea Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Current State of the Wheeler-Lea Act - Essay Example Still there were some shortcomings, which were corrected by Wheeler Lea act. Congress passed The Wheeler-Lea Act in 1938, a United States federal law, which amended the Federal Trade Commission Act. It gave the FTC the additional responsibility of policing â€Å"deceptive acts or practices in commerce.† In so doing, the FTC tries to protect the public against false or misleading advertising and the misrepresentation of products (Larabee, Robert). So the Federal Trade Commission Act, as modified by the Wheeler-Lea Act, gives new provisions: The Wheeler-Lea Act has not permitted the FTC to control the advertising of self-medication drugs. So there has not been as much improvement in patent medicine advertising as wished. Prescription drugs are policed by the FDA under the Kefauver-Harris Amendments of 1962. Additionally, advertising of restricted medical devices is regulated by the FDA under the Medical Device Amendments of 1976. Most recently, Congress passed a broad reform of the FD&C Act in the Food and Drug Modernization Act (FDAMA), which includes provisions to â€Å"regulate advertising of unapproved uses of approved drugs and devices, and regulate health claims for foods.† There is requirement of prohibition of unfair methods of competition and advertising, in order to protect consumers as well as competition. Many Acts has been passed by U.S government. Wheeler lea Act was a big step in this direction. It regulated advertising, labeling strategies and identification, quality, and fill-of-container for foods and