Economic Problem of Scarcity and Resource Allocation

Financial Problem of Scarcity and Resource Allocation Errand 1 1(a)Explain the financial issue of shortage and asset designation, and assess the job of chance expenses in deciding how financial matters decide All the issues which are related with cash are known as monetary issue. It is otherwise called focal, essential or major monetary issue. It express that there is shortage that is, the accessibility of restricted assets are insufficient to fulfill the need and request of the general public. So the inquiry is that how to control and what to be delivered, and how the capital and work are used to expel this kind of issues. The issues of financial aspects show up for the most part with two issues: Boundless human needs Constrained assets Shortage Shortage is one of the most significant and fundamental issue in which human needs are boundless so it makes troubles to satisfy the fulfillment of human needs since assets are restricted. Along these lines we have chosen one alternative. We need to make tradeoffs. We need to utilize our assets with productively and respectful way. We will undoubtedly do so on the grounds that assets are restricted and requests of our own are boundless. Without shortage, the control of financial matters can't be available. Monetary is a field of conveyance, creation and utilization of products and enterprises. In the event that the general public neglects to deliver the merchandise as indicated by the necessary request and neglect to appropriate the products similarly between the social orders and didn’t satisfy the needs and requests of people, at that point the investigation of the monetary issues become exhausting. If there should arise an occurrence of shortage not shows up, and afterward the merchandise and ventures would be free. Along these lines the choice about shortage would be made. Assignment assets issues happen because of shortage of assets and offer the response of the inquiry that what might be fulfilled and which ought to be left unsatisfied. As it were we can say that what to create and where it is produce and the amount it will delivered? Since creation of products in most extreme amount required more assets and assets are scant. These two elements are run together in the event that the creations of certain items expanded, at that point the assets are likewise being expanded on the grounds that more creations require more assets. The issue of dissemination contracts with the topic of whether to items capital merchandise or client products. At the point when the interest of certain items are increment then the general public take choices of delivering capital merchandise and the assets pulled back from the creation of purchaser products. So all things considered both the capital and client products are centrality 1(b)Explain how showcase harmony is accomplished It is the condition of the market wherein the interest and flexibly are equivalent in the market. At the point when the costs of the merchandise and enterprises are associated with the gracefully and request uniformity state, harmony cost is accomplished. At whatever point a market is in the condition of harmony and the costs of products and ventures are not changed except if any outer components changes impact on it, it brings about an interruption of the balance. Market balance can be best characterize on the assistance of underneath model and graphical portrayal For Example: let’s assume the week by week gracefully and request program of soda pop in Students at different costs (among 30p and PKR 1.10p) is appeared Cost Amount Demanded Amount Supplied 1.10 0 1000 1.00 100 900 90 200 800 80 300 700 70 400 600 60 500 500 50 600 400 40 700 300 30 800 200 Harmony As it very well may be seen this market will be in the condition of harmony at a cost of 60p according to soda pop. Now the interest and gracefully of sodas is to be equivalent and will be the unmistakable market which implies that 500 sodas will be introduced available to be purchased at the cost of 60p and same 500 beverages will be purchased that outcome is no adjustment popular and flexibly at value 60. Cost Amount Demanded Amount Supplied 1.10 0 1000 1.00 100 900 90 200 800 80 300 700 70 400 600 60 500 500 50 600 400 40 700 300 30 800 200 At the point when the cost is higher than balance, gracefully will be more than 500 however request will be under 500 so in the short run there will be an abundance of flexibly. Graphically we can say that gracefully expands outwards alongside the bend and request contracts inwards. Such a progressions are called developments along the interest or gracefully bend in response to an adjustment in cost. Requests of item contracts because of more significant expenses in this manner the replacement impact and salary impact make a chain to dishearten request just as when request reaches out at lower costs, the replacement and pay impact make a chain to support request. In term of gracefully the supplier’s conviction of higher income and benefits when increment in costs help up flexibly thusly increment in cost decreses the expense of chance for providing more and the other way around. The expense of chance of flexibly describes to the likely substitutes of the elements of creation. Thus on account of a school or college bottle that provisions soda pops or different items become pretty much appealing to gracefully when the cost of sodas changes.In reaction to changes in costs, changes sought after and flexibly expressed to as the flagging and motivation impacts of progress in cost. On the off chance that the data passing quickly between the purchaser and vender in the market effectively, the overabundance of interest and end of gracefully will be accomplished and the markett development will quickly oblige (for the situation among understudies and a school flask). Simliarly on account of gracefully pointless, the cost will modify downwards and flexibly will be decreased by the dealer with holding abundance stocks. While on account of surplus interest, the dealer will rapidly disregard their stock that will produce an expansion in cost and improved flexibly. So to make a steady balance value it is essential and rely upon the proficiency of market working and closer to settle the market. 1(c)Assess the significance of flexibility in advertise communications In the market association the flexibility is significant element of how the congenial and financial variable is to a change in to another. Versatility is one of the most critical ideas in neoclassical financial hypothesis. It is the significant and thought in the event of spontaneous appraisal, immaterial origination as they impart to the hypothesis of the firm dissemination of cash and various classes of merchandise as they convey to the hypothesis of client phenomenal. Flexibility is additionally fundamentally significant in any contention of the cash dispersion and generally significant in client advantage, maker advantage or government advantage. Flexibility could be determined as the proportion of the extent change in one variable to the extent change in another variable, when the closing variable affects the previous. Normally utilized versatility kills value flexibility; gracefully flexibility, salary flexibility and substitution versatility between issues of creation and versatility of bury dynamic substitution. Following are some significant focuses which show the significance of versatility in the market cooperation. Universal exchange It is essential to keep data about the versatility of interest of merchandise while sending out of fix cost of items. An association may fix significant expenses for the merchandise with inelastic interest. In this way on the off chance that the necessary interest in the bringing in nation is versatile, at that point sending out nation will fix low cost. Choices of Monopolist: A monopolist ponders nature of interest while fixing cost of his produced products. In the event that request for the fabricated merchandise is versatile, around then he will fix low cost. Be that as it may, if request is inelastic, around then he is in a circumstance to fix a significant expense. Rule to the makers The versatility idea gives the plan to the producers of publicizing the sum to be spent on. If there should arise an occurrence of versatile in item request, at that point the maker should be expended more sums on promoting by expanding the deal. Help to worker's guilds The worker's guild has the intensity of expanding the wages of work where item request is inelastic. It the interest is generally versatile then the worker's guild never power for higher wages. Significance in tax collection strategy As regards its applied advantages, the thought has enormous noteworthiness in the extent of government money. At the point when a fund serve requires a duty on a guaranteed item, he needs to comprehend whether the interest for that item is flexible or inelastic. In the event of inelastic sought after he can utilize his capacity of expanding the assessment and can assemble tremendous sum as income. Be that as it may, on the off chance that the interest is versatile, at that point he is the circumstance of expanding the expense rate. By doing so the all out income diminished and interest for product is determined. 1(d)Compare how costs are set in various market structures An industry contrasts its items and all of those by whom its items are recognize essentially or coordinate with it and a company’s advertise procedures and structure dependent of that organization which they contend. An association or an organization is classified into four market structure. These are: Immaculate rivalry Monopolistic rivalry Oligopoly Syndication Flawless rivalry A market structure in which the five after condition are experienced. All the associations sell a vague item. All the associations can't control the cost of item into the market. All the associations have relatively minor offers in advertise. Customers know every single thing about the item cost of offer and buy. The associations are classified by autonomy of free passage and exit. Monopolistic rivalry this circumstance is made when the producer sell out those

Two Famous Indian Monuments Free Essays

The most remarkable landmark worked by Emperor Shahjahan is the Taj Mahal at Agra. It is on the bank of River Yamuna. This terrific catacomb was worked in the memory of his dearest Queen Mumtaj Mahal. We will compose a custom exposition test on Two Famous Indian Monuments or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now It has been portrayed as â€Å"a dream in marble structured by pixies and finished by gem dealers. † It is made of unadulterated white marble. As a landmark of affection â€Å"it is superb on the planet. † It remains on a foundation of 8. 5 meters stature. The tomb ascends to a tallness of 32. 4 meters. It is conquered by vaults at each corner. The bulbous vault in the focal point of the domes resembles a rearranged lotus. There are four littler vaults at the four corners of the structure. Four minarets remain at each edge of the patio. The external dividers and the inside dividers are luxuriously brightened with impeccable trim work and calligraphy. The tomb is encircled by lovely gardens and wellsprings. It is a tremendous case of Mughal Architecture and one of the seven marvels of the world. QUTB MINAR The tall and ever appealing landmark of Delhi which can be seen from most pieces of the city is known as the Qutab Minar. Each body has a similar inquiry when one sees the structure just because. The inquiry that is frequently being set up is â€Å"Why the landmark is that huge? † or â€Å"Was there a particular motivation to fabricate such a tall structure or it was only a desire of the individual who manufactured it? † Well, the specific explanation is accepted to have something identified with recognizing the triumph. Mughals used to manufacture triumph towers to broadcast and commend triumphs. Some state the minaret was utilized to offer supplication however it is tall to such an extent that you can hear the individual remaining on the top. Additionally, the minaret isn't joined on to Qutuddin’s mosque and the Iltutmish’s mosque. Qutab Minar is among the tallest and renowned towers on the planet. The minaret is 234 feet high and the most elevated individual pinnacle on the planet. Different towers on the planet are the Great Pagoda in Pekin, China and the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy however these towers are not as high as the Qutab Minar in Delhi. As per history books, the minar was begun by Prithviraj or his uncle Vigraharaja who won Delhi from the Tomar Rajputs. In any case, it is accepted and history specialists accept that Qutubuddib and Iltutmish completed it however the minar may have been initiated by Prithviraj or Vigraharaja. The minar was finished in 1200 A. D and from that point forward the tall structure has been there upstanding and ever wonderful keeping an eye to Delhi simply like a guard. When Alauddin came back from the wars in the Deccan, he had this idea at the top of the priority list that he would manufacture a triumph tower fairly like the Qutab Minar. The remnants of this extremely activity can be seen contiguous the Qutbuddin’s mosque in light of the fact that Alauddin passed on at the very beginning of the development work and nobody carried on to complete the activity taken by Alauddin. Qutab Minar is another incredible magnum opus of Mughal engineering. It has various floors or stories which has lovely carvings like the one on the tomb of Iltutmish. There are engravings all round the pinnacle and these engravings uncover that Iltutmish finised the pinnacle. The structure of the divider is made as with the end goal that it enlarges start to finish, just to make the minar more grounded. Moving upstairs inside the minar will give you a superb encounter and tallying the steps is consistently a diversion for guests. It has 378 stages which takes great measure of vitality to reach at the top. The highest point of the pinnacle offers aninsight to Delhi since you get the opportunity to see the bird’s eye perspective on the city. To point a couple of touring from the top, you will discover perspectives on the Hauz Khaz on the left and the dividers of the Jahanpanah and Siri on the right. It was this top of Qutab Minar that was utilized by Khilji and Tughlaq rulers to watch the wild Mongol crowds when they undermined Delhi. The top additionally filled in as the watch top for Tughlaq who viewed Timur’s armed force camp on the Wellingdon Airport. Other significant landmarks that is obvious from the top are the dividers of Tughlaqabad,Humayun’s Tomb, Purana Qila, Firoz Shah Kotla and Jama Masjid. The minar received some harm as a result of quakes on in excess of several events yet was reestablished and revamped by the particular rulers. During the standard of Firoz Shah, the minar’s two highest floors got harmed because of tremor however were fixed by Firoz Shah. In the year 1505, quake again struck and it was fixed by Sikandar Lodi. Later on in the year 1794, the minar confronted another tremor and it was Major Smith, a specialist who fixed the influenced pieces of the minar. He supplanted Firoz Shah’s structure with his own structure at the top. The structure was evacuated in the year 1848 by Lord Hardinge and now it very well may be seen between the Dak Bungalow and the Minar in the nursery. The floors worked by Firaz Shah can be recognized effectively as the structures was worked of white marbles and are very smooth when contrasted with different ones. The minar isn't that erect as it used to be a result of wears and tears in the course of recent years. Intently taking a gander at the mina rives you a thought that it is to some degree worked towards one side. The minar is earnestly cared for by the specialists much like equivalent to other notable landmarks in the nation. Step by step instructions to refer to Two Famous Indian Monuments, Papers

Purchasing Research Papers - Dont Buy Your Paper Till You Read This

Purchasing Research Papers - Don't Buy Your Paper Till You Read ThisWhether you are about to get into a degree program or you are already in one, you need to understand the basic elements of the research paper buying process. There are some general guidelines you should follow that will ensure your paper doesn't become nothing more than an exercise in laziness.The first thing you should think about when buying a paper is whether or not it is yours. If it isn't, don't purchase it. This is also the best way to avoid letting a relative or friend give you a paper.When buying a paper, do a thorough search of the papers in the bookstore. You can't possibly expect someone else to know what you want if you don't know what you want yourself. If there's a book on a topic you are researching, then there is also likely to be a similar book on your subject. Check out the books, look for the book review of the author and then select the one that has the best book review.Another important thing to consider is the end date. The paper needs to be suitable for use after that date. While an old paper is always better than a new one, a new paper could have only limited uses after a certain date. It's up to you to decide on this matter.Buying online is generally more straightforward. You just have to take care of some details to make the transaction run smoothly. Think about this the next time you are looking for a paper to write on your own. There are so many places where you can buy a paper. You just have to make sure that the paper is good enough for your own requirements.You can buy papers either as a package or as individual papers. Of course, if you are purchasing individual papers, then you can save on price. However, if you are purchasing packages of papers, then you can cut down the number of paper packages you buy and still get the same quality paper. You have to make sure that you choose a paper based on its material and usage. Keep in mind that paper is expensive so you have to choose wisely.When buying papers, don't be afraid to choose the paper that will be the most effective for you. Research is something that needs to be done before you can be certain about a particular paper. Take time to understand what you are researching and what you want to know about. Taking your time will ensure that you won't get anything you aren't ready for.This all means that it is easier to purchase a paper now than it was before. That's because you will have some general guidelines that you can follow. They will help you avoid some common mistakes that people make when buying papers and will also help you purchase the paper that you really want to buy.

The Use Of Non Human Tests Subjects For Experimentation...

Definition Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human test subjects for experimentation and research studies (2). This definition is very broad because it is used in numerous fields such as drug testing, brain functionality, effects of food additives, pesticides, DNA modification, xenotransplantation, cosmetic testing, cancer research, AIDs research and many more. Overall, animal testing is a professional conflict, but it can also be considered as a personal conflict whether or not you believe it is right to test on any animal for the sake of science. Types of animals (Consciousness) Because one species is more clever than another, does it give it the right to imprison or torture the less clever†¦show more content†¦This is done so researchers know the exact genes or traits that the animal being tested is exhibiting so they can control the number of possible variables that can affect their their results. In the past, dealers were licensed by the USDA to sell animals from â€Å"random sources† including animal shelters, â€Å"free to a good home† ads, stolen pets and some were taken completely from the wild. This is a much less common practice because it includes variety in your animals which could skew the researcher’s results and it is frowned upon. (Source?) However, the question remains whether it is ethical to perform research on animals that exhibit some form of consciousness. Consciousness is a very vague term and has been defined as many terms such as sentience, awareness of itself within its surroundings, subjectivity, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind and many more vague definitions(3). It has been known through thousands of experiments that animals from a wide range of species can exhibit emotions such as happiness, jealousy, grief, and stress(4). The first animal to ever ask an existential question was a Grey African Parrot by the name of Alex. The question he asked the trainer was â€Å"What color am I?† and learned the meaning of grey after being told. Alex was studied by a behavioral psychologist from the late 70’s to the early 2000’s. He was

Role Of Family In Beloved Novel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 568 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beloved Essay Did you like this example? Family means everything to many of the characters in our novel. Both biological and chosen familial relationships are incredibly important to the characters and create both a source of happiness and deep sorrow. Family can be seen as something that creates strength, that builds a community and fosters a sense of confidence and belonging. At the same time, a familial bond can be abused and used to hurt someone. Watching ones family suffer often hurts more than your own suffering, and our characters show this in so many ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The clearest way in which we see family hurt someone is when Halle has to silently watch the beating and violation of his wife Sethe. When the schoolteachers nephews attack his wife Halle completely loses it. He is frozen in horror and afterward loses his mind. This trauma that he did not physically experience, emotionally and mentally ruined him. When he is later found, hes covered in butter clearly insane. Not only did this attack brutalize Sethe, but her loved one as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of Family In Beloved Novel" essay for you Create order   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the more important symbols in the novel is the symbolism behind naming people. A character such as Sethes first daughter, is given no name throughout the reading other than Beloved, symbolizing the fact that she has been all but erased in the mind of Sethe. A character like Schoolteacher, however, is given an unhuman name, he becomes so much less than a person, just a job. This radiates with his cruel unforgiving nature and brutality, he is not seen as a person who can feel or empathize, just as a man set out to violently do his job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another such example of the importance of a name comes from the character of Denver. Denver was named after Amy, the young white woman that found Sethe, broken, pregnant, and needy, and nursed her back to health. To reconnect this naming to the importance of family, Denver was named after someone who was seen as a guardian angel, a positive force in her mothers life and that is exactly what Denver becomes. Denver is precious to her mother and represents goodness in her life both in her coming to be after Sethe escapes brutality and in her being Amys namesake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, the relationship between Denver and her unnamed sisters ghost is one I believe is incredibly powerful. The bond of these two sisters surpasses the physical living world and connects them between worlds and planes. A living girl and a ghost have arguably the most important relationship in this whole book. The undying and pure love Denver feels for her sister causes her great joy, yet when Paul D drives the ghost away, it causes Denver to feel terribly alone.   When the spirit of her sister is thought to come back, however, this time in the form of Beloved, both Denver and Sethe develop an attachment like no other. Although Beloved begins to mistreat Sethe and leech off of her, she is unable to see that she is being hurt by this relationship because her love for her daughter and her guilt about killing her was blinding. Towards the end, even though Denver knows that Beloved and consequently, her sister, are no more than a parasite failing to let her and her mother move on with their lives, she still dies loving Beloved with her whole soul, for seemingly no reason other than their familial bond.

The Making of an Advertisement A Reflection - 1439 Words

The first step in the development of the ad involved the agreement on what the ad would involve, mode of presentation and current marketing options that are trending. The basic step required the constitution of our team so that each could get roles to play in the ad development. We organized a conference call on November 20th, 2012. The people present on the call included Carrie Briscoe, Melisa Clark, Marcus Long and I. Allison and Stephen submitted ideas by email as they were not able to be on call. The first topic of discussion was to determine whether or not we wanted to advertise a product or service. As only Marcus had served in a service capacity, specifically engineering, we chose to advertise a product. Several products got proposed, but we chose to engage speech recognition software. We had a short brainstorming session to determine what to call it and ended up with the name Paper Talk. Our companys name is C+3 MAS, Experts in VR, VR meaning voice-recognition. Our other topi c of discussion was how to present our product to the public. As the past four youngest generations got saturated with communicating through social media, we chose social media such as sidebars in Facebook, CSU Global, and Google to present our product. The huge following accorded to social media, and the rising level of computer use even in the third world, offers a ready market for the product. The success of our team depended on our handling of the different aspects of the jobShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Of Evian Mineral Waters1162 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilding. He looks around and notices his reflection in the adjacent window is of him as a child. He jumps down to the ground where he lands in front of another window. Spiderman checks his reflection, trying to understand how he can see his younger self. He shoots out his webs and makes a version of london bridge and his younger self does it too, which makes it look like a full bridge. 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I take a closer look at two commercials and examine how they would be interrupted by two distinct social theorist, postmodernistRead MoreEssay on Parents ´ Negligence Leads to Child Obesity863 Words   |  4 PagesAs many people may have already noticed, child and teen obesity has become a greater problem in the United States. Could child and teen obesity be a reflection of a parent’s negligence? Many families don’t have time to cook nutritional meals, which causes many families to eat out nearly more than once a week. School cooked lunches aren’t exactly healthy either and many choices children make, parents don’t know about. Also, the media has a big impact on how c hild and teens eat. When children see

How Technology Effects Modern America Essay Example For Students

How Technology Effects Modern America Essay U.S. Wage TrendsThe microeconomic picture of the U.S. has changed immensely since 1973, and the trends are proving to be consistently downward for the nations high school graduates and high school drop-outs. ?Of all the reasons given for the wage squeeze ? international competition, technology, deregulation, the decline of unions and defense cuts ? technology is probably the most critical. It has favored the educated and the skilled,? says M. B. Zuckerman, editor-in-chief of U.S. News ; World Report (7/31/95). Since 1973, wages adjusted for inflation have declined by about a quarter for high school dropouts, by a sixth for high school graduates, and by about 7% for those with some college education. Only the wages of college graduates are up. Of the fastest growing technical jobs, software engineering tops the list. Carnegie Mellon University reports, ?recruitment of its software engineering students is up this year by over 20%.? All engineering jobs are paying well, proving that highly skilled labor is what employers want! ?There is clear evidence that the supply of workers in the categories already exceeds the demand for their services,? says L. Mishel, Research Director of Welfare Reform Network. In view of these facts, I wonder if these trends are good or bad for society. ?The danger of the information age is that while in the short run it may be cheaper to replace workers with technology, in the long run it is potentially self-destructive because there will not be enough purchasing power to grow the economy,? M. B. Zuckerman. My feeling is that the trend from unskilled labor to highly technical, skilled labor is a good one! But, political action must be taken to ensure that this societal evolution is beneficial to all of us. ?Back in 1970, a high school diploma could still be a ticket to the middle income bracket, a nice car in the driveway and a house in the suburbs. Today all it gets is a clunker parked on the street, and a dingy apartment in a low rent building,? says Time Magazine (Jan 30, 1995 issue). However, in 1970, our government provided our children with a free education, allowing the vast majority of our population to earn a high school diploma. This means that anyone, regardless of family income, could be educated to a level that would allow them a comfortable place in the middle class. Even restrictions upon child labor hours kept children in school, since they are not allowed to work full time while under the age of 18. This government policy was conducive to our economic markets, and allowed our country to prosper from 1950 through 1970. Now, our own prosperity has moved us into a highly technical world, that requires highly skilled labor. The natural answer to this problem, is that the U.S. Governments education policy must keep pace with the demands of the highly technical job market. If a middle class income of 1970 required a high school diploma, and the middle class income of 1990 requires a college diploma, then it should be as easy for the children of the 90s to get a college diploma, as it was for the children of the 70s to get a high school diploma. This brings me to the issue of our countrys political process, in a technologi cally advanced world. Voting Poisoned Political Process in The U.S. The advance of mass communication is natural in a technologically advanced society. In our countrys short history, we have seen the development of the printing press, the radio, the television, and now the Internet; all of these, able to reach millions of people. Equally natural, is the poisoning and corruption of these medias, to benefit a few. .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .postImageUrl , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:hover , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:visited , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:active { border:0!important; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:active , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Levine, Jake EssayFrom the 1950s until today, television has been the preferred media. Because it captures the minds of most Americans, it is the preferred method of persuasion by political figures, multinational corporate advertising, and the upper 2% of the elite, who have an interest in controlling public opinion. Newspapers and radio experienced this same history, but are now somewhat obsolete in the science of changing public opinion. Though I do not suspect television to become completely obsolete within the next 20 years, I do see the Internet being used by the same political figures, multinational corporations, and upper 2% elite, for the same purposes. At this tim e, in the Internets young history, it is largely unregulated, and can be accessed and changed by any person with a computer and a modem; no license required, and no need for millions of dollars of equipment. But, in reviewing our history, we find that newspaper, radio and television were once unregulated too. It is easy to see why government has such an interest in regulating the Internet these days. Though public opinion supports regulating sexual material on the Internet, it is just the first step in total regulation, as experienced by every other popular mass media in our history. This is why it is imperative to educate people about the Internet, and make it be known that any regulation of it is destructive to us, not constructive! I have been a daily user of the Internet for 5 years (and a daily user of BBS communications for 9 years), which makes me a senior among us. I have seen the moves to regulate this type of communication, and have always openly opposed it. My feelings about technology, the Internet, and political process are simple. In light of the history of mass communication, there is nothing we can do to protect any media from the ?sound byte? or any other form of commercial poisoning. But, our countrys public opinion doesnt have to fall into a nose-dive of lies and corruption, because of it! The first experience I had in a course on Critical Thinking came when I entered college. As many good things as I have learned in college, I found this course to be most valuable to my basic education. I was angry that I hadnt had access to the power of critical thought over my twelve years of basic education. Simple forms of critical thinking can be taught as early as kindergarten. It isnt hard to teach a young person to understand the patterns of persuasion, and be able to defend themselves against them. Television doesnt have to be a weapon against us, used to sway our opinions to conform to people who care about their own prosperity, not o urs. With the power of a critical thinking education, we can stop being motivated by the sound byte and, instead we can laugh at it as a cheap attempt to persuade us. In conclusion, I feel that the advance of technology is a good trend for our society; however, it must be in conjunction with advance in education so that society is able to master and understand technology. We can be the masters of technology, and not let it be the masters of us. BibliographyWhere have the good jobs gone?, By: Mortimer B. ZuckermanU.S. News World Report, volume 119, pg 68(July 31, 1995)Wealth: Static Wages, Except for the Rich, By: John RothchildTime Magazine, volume 145, pg 60(January 30, 1995)Welfare Reform, By: Lawrence Mishelhttp://epn.org/epi/epwelf.html(Feb 22, 1994)20 Hot Job Tracks, By: K.T. Beddingfield, R. M. Bennefield, J. Chetwynd, T. M. Ito, K. Pollack A. R. WrightU.S. News World Report, volume 119, pg 98(Oct 30, 1995)

Abortion Essays (1646 words) - Abortion, , Term Papers

Abortion Abortion Abortion is the ending of pregnancy before birth and is morally wrong. An abortion results in the death of an embryo or a foetus. Abortion destroys the lives of helpless, innocent children and illegal in many countries. By aborting these unborn infants, humans are hurting themselves; they are not allowing themselves to meet these new identities and unique personalities. Abortion is very simply wrong. Everyone is raised knowing the difference between right and wrong. Murder is wrong, so why is not abortion? People argue that it is not murder if the child is unborn. Abortion is murder since the foetus being destroyed is living, breathing and moving. Why is it that if an infant is destroyed a month before the birth, there is no problem, but if killed a month after birth, this is inhumane murder? It is morally and strategically foolish, because we lose the middle when we talk about reproductive rights without reference to a larger moral and spiritual dimension, and we are unwilling to use language like transgression and redemption, or right and wrong. -Wolf p54 The main purpose abortions are immoral is how they are so viciously done. Everyday, innocent, harmless foetuses that could soon be laughing children are being brutally destroyed. One form of abortion is to cut the foetus into pieces with serrated forceps before being removed, piece by piece from the uterus by suction with a vacuum aspirator. Another form consists of bringing the foetus feet first into the birth canal, puncturing its skull with a sharp instrument and sucking out the brain tissue. The body parts, such as the head, are given letters, rather than refer to the parts as what they are. In my opinion this is for the doctors who cannot face the reality of what they are doing. The remains of the foetus or embryo, as the case may be, are put into everyday, plastic buckets and then sent to a dumpster where these precious bones and limbs are disposed. However, how and when an abortion takes place are matters of little importance to pro- abortionists and other defenders. Even former abortion practitioners from varying backgrounds and religions have a new view on abortion. These changes of heart were caused by psychological, religious and scientific reasons. One doctor, Dr. Bernard Nathanson, performed 60,000 abortions and supervised 10,000, before scientific evidence and the use of an ultrasound, convinced him he was promoting and participating what he now calls "the most atrocious holocaust in the history of the United States." Other doctors refuse to perform legal abortions, saying they should save lives rather than destroy them. Many argue is it the women's or the foetus' rights and values that are being trampled on? "Pro-choice movements sometimes fall back on an abortion rhetoric that seems to dehumanize and trivialize the death of a foetus as a way to humanize and make important the reproductive rights of women." (Wolf p54) "Women can treat an unwanted foetus as a violation of her civil rights and is therefor justified tin using force to expel it" (McMillan pA12) The decision is not up to the mother because she is not God. Only God, the ultimate creator has the right to choose who may live and who shall die. Humans do not have the right or the power to control the quality of life and to avoid suffering. "The issue of abortion is not just life, but how life is created and the extent to which human intention and control the process, both before and after birth. All humans inventions and interventions may give us a world to regret." (Clark p3) With abortion, we humans give ourselves dominion over a large part of God's plans and our destiny. Abortion becomes especially evil when the bond between mother and child is broken and it is being used as an alternative birth control when humans cannot control their irresponsible sexual hungers. If beings are responsible enough to be sexually active, they should also be responsible enough to accept consequences, and if that means becoming pregnant and creating a life, then that life should have the opportunity to live. There should be a bond or relationship between a mother and child, whether born or unborn. Mothers and her children form a bond unlike any other felling of love; when a child is aborted, before given the right to grow in the bond, does the mother feel the connection with her child or is it just uterine material. Abortion is never about just abortion. It is about questions like whether the society at large, or individual pieces of it,

Essay on Sociology 1001

Essay on Sociology 1001 Essay on Sociology 1001 SOC 1001: Introduction to Sociology What is sociology? Systematic study of human social life How people act in groups & because of groups How individuals affect society and how society affects individuals Ways our thoughts and actions are partly due to our culture& socialization NOT inner workings of the mind isolation Why do sociology? agency = the ability of people to act in the social world. How does one do sociology? 1. Develop your â€Å"sociological imagination† 2. Build on useful ideas & prior research 3. Use appropriate methods 1. Sociological Imagination (C. Wright Mills) â€Å"A quality of mind† that does three things: 1. Helps us see relationship between man/ biography/ self & society/ history/ world 2. Distinguishes between personal troubles & public issues Troubles: caused by individual flaws or bad luck  · From the perspective of an individual. e.g., â€Å"Sarah doesn’t have any comfortable shoes.† Issues: caused by broader cultural factors  · When there is a pattern to the personal troubles then it’s a public issue, especially if the pattern follows socially important boundaries, like gender  · e.g., â€Å"Women’s fashionable shoes are rarely comfortable.† 3. Gives us awareness of the social structures (constraints) that affect our lives Society = Any relatively self-contained and self sufficient group of human beings who are united by social relationships. There are distinct boundaries Social structure = The organized patterns in social relationships and in social institutions that together constitute society. 2. Build on prior work to answer Big Questions What is the relationship between social structure and human agency? How is society held together? How is order maintained? What causes social change? Influential Theorists: Emile Durkheim Key Theories: Functionalism society is an integrated whole , each part contributes to its proper functioning each piece depends on others â€Å"social facts† = things that exist outside of us and constrain us Each social institution has functions (religions, families, education systems†¦) They function together as a system in balance If you disturb one institution, then other institutions have to change to restore balance (Society’s system is still adjusting to past changes) Influential Theorists: Karl Marx Key Theories: Conflict theory Saw tension and conflict as inherent aspects of capitalist society People in power created the current system. Current system serves the powerful Conflict about change is inevitable (defend/change) Influential Theorists: Max Weber (VEH-burr) concept of verstehen, seeing things from others point of view. Argued: we can’t separate ourselves from what we study Influential Theorists: W.E.B. DuBois Double Consciousness – viewing yourself through the eyes of others Focused on the role of history and experience in how you interpret the world Key Theories: Symbolic Interaction (founders incl Weber & DuBois) symbols (words, body language, what we wear, †¦) communicate meaning When we interact, we exchange & interpret symbols micro-level interactions (and, importantly, our interpretations of them) are fundamental building blocks of society and also reveal societal constraints & meanings social change comes through change in symbols and their meanings 3. How can we test the theories? This is a social science, but there’s debate about how well this can work a) Social facts are facts vs. b) We interpret what we see through our personal filters Ways of gathering sociological data Quantitative: count things & look for patterns (e.g., surveys, controlled experiments, content analysis of interviews or interactions) Qualitative: put yourself in their shoes

Robin hood case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Robin hood - Case Study Example As it is clear now, the band has begun to exceed food capacity, it means no more people will join the band and probably some of the ones within may also decide to leave. This will only weaken Robin against the Sheriff; hence, he needs a stronger economic background. It is a common say that two hands are better than one, and this is fact that works well for political agendas where tyranny of numbers is needed. Therefore, socio culturally, Robin needs to create a network of genuine supporters with whom they share similar agenda that they would want to change if given chance to. He therefore needs to create a very big band of men and consider involving everyone through reasonable agenda. Robin is in a point where he needs to treat all information with the importance that it requires. At this particular time, he needs to be at the receiving end of all the information around the area. He therefore needs to improve on the vigilance so that he is able to tap and filter all the important and relevant information for the purposes of his preparation. He therefore requires the use of technological advancement in the telecommunication sector to aim at achieving information vigilance. In a nutshell, Robin needs to know that he can only win his opposition to the Sheriff when working together with people. He requires a lot of transparency, togetherness and giving yourself out for the service of others. He also needs to be economically and politically empowered to blend his good and readiness to serve

Ill attach the document that has the questions Essay

Ill attach the document that has the questions - Essay Example Due to this pressure exerted on the pistons, the pistons in turn exert friction on the brake pads hence producing a clamping force on the rotating disc attached to the wheel disc. This clamping force is what is responsible for stopping the rotation disc hence the wheel. Figure 1 below shows the working principle of a braking system. [3] Figure 1 How do design & operational requirements influence material property requirements for the brake disc? The center of a brake disc contains bearings such that as the vehicle drivers presses the brake pad, the disc is mounted on the axle and is held in to place by the wheel. When brakes are applied, a lot of heat is generated due to the friction between the braking surfaces. Therefore, materials chosen for the construction of the brake parts should be able to withstand very high temperatures. Also, the brake disc runs at a certain high speed in the process of stopping the motion of a wheel. [1] The most widely used brake disc material was cast i ron but it was found to consume a lot of fuel due to its high specific gravity. This has seen exploitation of other lightweight materials to replace cast iron. The materials for use in designing the brake disc must have a low cost per unit property and also meet the digital logic condition. Therefore, materials used for brake systems must have a stable and reliable frictional and wear properties under varying conditions of load, velocity, temperature and environment, and high durability. [6] Therefore the several factors to be considered when selecting a brake disc material include the ability of the brake disc material to withstand high friction and less abrasive wear and ability to withstand the high temperature evolved due to friction. Another important factors that are of importance in consideration during the brake disc design is the cost of the whole process and the weight of the materials to be used. [1] Material selection exercise for brake disc One of the most fundamental a bility of a material for the manufacture of a brake disc is the material to be able to reduce friction and less wear and tear. It must also be able to properly function even in high temperatures. The brake disc must also have enough thermal storage capacity to prevent distortion or cracking due to thermal stress. This is not particularly important in a single stop but it is crucial in the case of repeated stops from high speed. Sometimes it may be unimportant to consider the cost of materials to be used if the material is to perform a critical function in space i.e. beryllium for structural components, iridium for radiation screening. Also in case it is to be used in medical procedures i.e. gold tooth fillings and in equipment for highly competitive sports for instance one racing motorcycle had a cylinder-head made of solid silver for its high thermal conductivity. [12] The model for brake disc In Fig. 1 below, a brake disk can be idealized as two beams having length L, depth b and thickness h, locked together at their ends. Each of the beam is loaded in bending when the brake is applied, and because braking generates heat, it therefore gets hot. The stiffness S of the beam is also critical. If the stiffness is inadequate then the disc will flex, impairing braking efficiency and allowing vibration. Its ability to transmit heat, too, is critical since part of the heat

Process Leadership And Its Impact Leadership Essay

Process Leadership And Its Impact Leadership Essay Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to achieve an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership  knowledge  and  skills are called  Process Leadership. However, we know that we have traits that can influence our actions which are called  Trait Leadership, in that it was once common to believe that leaders were born rather than made. Good leaders are  made  not born. If you have the desire and willpower, you can become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience. To inspire your workers into higher levels of teamwork, there are certain things you must  be, know,  and,  do.  These do not come naturally, but are acquired through continual work and study. Good leaders are continually working and studying to improve their leadership skills they are not resting on their success. Factors of Leadership Leader: You must have an honest understanding of who you are, what you know, and what you can do. It is the followers, not the leader or someone else who determines if the leader is successful. If they do not trust or lack confidence in their leader, then they will be uninspired. To be successful you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors, that you are worthy of being followed. Followers: Different people require different styles of leadership. For example, a new recruit requires more supervision than an experienced employee. A person who lacks motivation requires a different approach than one with a high degree of motivation. You must know your people. The fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions, and motivation. You must come to know your employees be, know, and do attributes. Communication: You lead through two-way communication. Much of it is nonverbal. For instance, when you set the example that communicates to your people that you would not ask them to perform anything that you would not be willing to do. What and how you communicate either builds or harms the relationship between you and your employees. Situation: All situations are different. What you do in one situation will not always work in another. You must use your judgment to decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation. For example, you may need to confront an employee for inappropriate behavior, but if the confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too weak, then the results may prove ineffective. (Also note that the situation normally has a greater effect on a leaders action than his or her traits. This is because while traits may have an impressive stability over a period of time, they have little consistency across situations (Mischel, 1968). This is why a number of leadership scholars think the Process Theory of Leadership is a more accurate than the Trait Theory of Leadership). Various forces will affect these four factors. Examples of forces are your relationship with your seniors, the skill of your followers, the informal leaders within your organization, and how your organization is organized. (Although your position as a manager, supervisor, lead, etc. gives you the authority to accomplish certain tasks and objectives in the organization (called Assigned Leadership), this power does not make you a leader, it simply makes you the boss (Rowe, 2007). Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want to achieve high goals (called Emergent Leadership), rather than simply bossing people around (Rowe, 2007). Thus you get Assigned Leadership by your position and you display Emergent Leadership by influencing people to do grat things.) Be, Know and Do The basis of good leadership is honourable character and selfless service to your organization. In your employees eyes, your leadership is everything you do that effects the organizations objectives and their well-being. Leaders should know (such as job, tasks, and human nature), what they are or be (such as beliefs and character) and do (such as implementing, motivating, and providing direction). This is what makes a person want to follow a leader. People want to be guided by those they respect and who have a clear sense of direction. To gain respect, they must be ethical. A sense of direction is achieved by conveying a strong vision of the future. The Two Most Important Keys to Effective Leadership According to a study by the Hay Group, a global management consultancy, there are 75 key components of employee satisfaction (Lamb, McKee, 2004). They found that: Trust and confidence in top leadership was the single most reliable predictor of employee satisfaction in an organization. Effective communication by leadership in three critical areas was the key to winning organizational trust and confidence: Helping employees understand the companys overall business strategy. Helping employees understand how they contribute to achieving key business objectives. Sharing information with employees on both how the company is doing and how an employees own division is doing relative to strategic business objectives. So in a nutshell you must be trustworthy and you have to be able to communicate a vision of where the organization needs to go. Goals The goals and performance standards they establish. Successful organizations have leaders who set high standards and goals across the entire spectrum, such as strategies, market leadership, plans, meetings and presentations, productivity, quality, and reliability. Values The values they establish for the organization. Values reflect the concern the organization has for its employees, customers, investors, vendors, and surrounding community. These values define the manner in how business will be conducted. Concepts The business and people concepts they establish. Concepts define what products or services the organization will offer and the methods and processes for conducting business. These goals, values, and concepts make up the organizations personality or how the organization is observed by both outsiders and insiders. This personality defines the roles, relationships, rewards, and rites that take place. Creating an Inspiring Vision of the Future In business, a vision is a realistic, convincing and attractive best case description of where you want to be in the future. Vision provides direction, sets priorities, and provides a marker, so that you can tell that youve achieved what you wanted to achieve.   To create a vision, leaders focus on an organizations  strengths  by using tools such as  Porters Five Forces,  PEST Analysis,  USP Analysis,  Core Competence Analysis  and  SWOT Analysis  to analyze their current situation. They think about how their industry is likely to evolve, and how their competitors are likely to behave. They look at how they can  innovate successfully, and shape their businesses and their strategies to succeed in future marketplaces. And they test their visions with appropriate market research, and by assessing key risks using techniques such as  Scenario Analysis. Therefore, leadership is proactive problem solving, looking ahead, and not being satisfied with things as they are. Once they have developed their visions, leaders must make them compelling and convincing. A  compelling vision  is one that people can see, feel, understand, and  embrace. Effective leaders provide a rich picture of what the future will look like when their visions have been realized. They tell stories, and explain their visions in ways that everyone can relate to.   Here, leadership combines the analytical side of the vision with the passion of shared values, creating something really meaningful to the people being led.   Motivating and Inspiring People A compelling vision provides the foundation for leadership. But its the leaders ability to motivate and inspire people that will help them deliver that vision.   For example, when you start a new project, you will probably have lots of enthusiasm for it, so its usually easy to support the projects leader at the beginning. However, it can be difficult to find ways to keep the vision alive and inspirational, after the initial enthusiasm fades, especially if the team or organization needs to make significant changes in the way that they do things. Leaders recognize this, and they work hard on an ongoing basis to connect their vision with peoples individual needs, goals, and aspirations.   One of the key ways they do this is through  Expectancy Theory. Effective leaders link together two different expectations: The expectation that hard work leads to good results. The expectation that good results lead to attractive rewards or incentives. This motivates people to work hard to achieve success, because they expect to enjoy rewards both intrinsic and extrinsic as a result.   Other approaches include restating the vision in terms of the benefits it will bring to the teams customers, and taking frequent opportunities to communicate the vision in an attractive and engaging way. Whats particularly helpful here is where leaders have  expert power. People admire and believe in these leaders because they are expert in what they do. They have credibility, and theyve earned the right to ask people to listen to them, and follow them. This makes it much easier for these leaders to motivate and inspire the people they lead. Leaders can also motivate and influence people through their natural charisma and appeal, and through other  sources of power, such as the power to pay bonuses or assign tasks to people. However, good leaders dont rely on these types of power to motivate and inspire others. Managing Delivery of the Vision This is the area of leadership that relates to  management. According to the  Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model, there is a time to tell, a time to sell, a time to participate, and a time to delegate. Knowing which approach you need to use, and when you need it, is key to effective leadership. Leaders must ensure that the work required to deliver the vision is properly managed either by themselves, or by a dedicated manager or team of managers to whom the leader delegates this responsibility and they need to ensure that their vision is delivered successfully.   To do this, team members need performance goals that are linked to the teams overall vision. Performance Management and KPI  (Key Performance Indicators) explains one way of doing this, and our  Project Management  section explains another. And, for day-to-day management of delivering the vision, the  Management By Wandering Around  (MBWA) approach will help to ensure that what should happen, really happens. Leaders also need to make sure they  manage change  effectively. This will ensure that any changes required to deliver the vision are implemented smoothly and thoroughly, with support and full backing from the majority of people affected. Coaching and Building a Team to Achieve the Vision Individual and team development are important activities carried out by transformational leaders. To develop a team, leaders must first understand team dynamics. A leader will then ensure that team members have the necessary skills and abilities to do their job and achieve the vision. They do this by giving and receiving feedback  regularly, and by  training and coaching people to improve individual and team performance. Leadership also includes looking for  leadership potential  in others. By developing leadership skills within your team, you create an environment where you can continue success in the long term. And thats a true measure of great leadership. Seven Personal Qualities Found In A Good Leader A good leader has an exemplary character. It is of utmost importance that a leader is trustworthy to lead others. A leader needs to be trusted and be known to live their life with honestly and integrity. A good leader walks the talk and in doing so earns the right to have responsibility for others. True authority is born from respect for the good character and trustworthiness of the person who leads. A good leader is enthusiastic about their work or cause and also about their role as leader. People will respond more openly to a person of passion and dedication. Leaders need to be able to be a source of inspiration, and be a motivator towards the required action or cause. Although the responsibilities and roles of a leader may be different, the leader needs to be seen to be part of the team working towards the goal. This kind of leader will not be afraid to roll up their sleeves and get dirty. A good leader is confident. In order to lead and set direction a leader needs to appear confident as a person and in the leadership role. Such a person inspires confidence in others and draws out the trust and best efforts of the team to complete the task well. A leader who conveys confidence towards the proposed objective inspires the best effort from team members. A leader also needs to function in an orderly and purposeful manner in situations of uncertainty. People look to the leader during times of uncertainty and unfamiliarity and find reassurance and security when the leader portrays confidence and a positive demeanour. Good leaders are tolerant of ambiguity and remain calm, composed and steadfast to the main purpose. Storms, emotions, and crises come and go and a good leader takes these as part of the journey and keeps a cool head. A good leader, as well as keeping the main goal in focus, is able to think analytically. Not only does a good leader view a situation as a whole, but is able to break it down into sub parts for closer inspection. While keeping the goal in view, a good leader can break it down into manageable steps and make progress towards it. A good leader is committed to excellence. Second best does not lead to success. The good leader not only maintains high standards, but also is proactive in raising the bar in order to achieve excellence in all areas. These seven personal characteristics are foundational to good leadership. Some characteristics may be more naturally present in the personality of a leader. However, each of these characteristics can also be developed and strengthened. A good leader whether they naturally possess these qualities or not, will be diligent to consistently develop and strengthen them in their leadership role. Roles ad Relationships Roles are the positions that are defined by a set of expectations about behaviour of any job sitting. Each role has a set of tasks and responsibilities that may or may not be spelled out. Roles have a powerful effect on behaviour for several reasons, to include money being paid for the performance of the role, there is prestige attached to a role, and a sense of accomplishment or challenge. Relationships are determined by a roles tasks. While some tasks are performed alone, most are carried out in relationship with others. The tasks will determine who the role-holder is required to interact with, how often, and towards what end. Also, normally the greater the interaction, the greater the liking is. This in turn leads to more frequent interaction. In human behaviour, its hard to like someone whom we have no contact with, and we tend to seek out those we like. People tend to do what they are rewarded for, and friendship is a powerful reward. Many tasks and behaviours that are associated with a role are brought about by these relationships. That is, new task and behaviours are expected of the present role-holder because a strong relationship was developed in the past, either by that role-holder or a prior role holder. Conclusion What makes a person want to follow a leader? People want to be guided by those they respect and who have a clear sense of direction. To gain respect, they must be ethical. A sense of direction is achieved by conveying a strong vision of the future. When a person is deciding if she respects you as a leader, she does not think about your attributes, rather, she observes what you do so that she can know who you really are. She uses this observation to tell if you are an honourable and trusted leader or a self-serving person who misuses authority to look good and get promoted. Self-serving leaders are not as effective because their employees only obey them, not follow them. They succeed in many areas because they present a good image to their seniors at the expense of their workers. Good Business Leaders I refer to Ray Kroc, the founder of the McDonalds Corporation: a leader driven by vision, but one willing to nurture talent and ideas not his own, a rare combination for an entrepreneur. Look beneath the Golden Arches and you will find a leader of near-irrepressible enthusiasm who discovered late in life what his true mission would be. At age fifty-two, Ray Kroc invested himself, and over the next few years nearly everything he owned, to fulfill his dream. For the first eight years, Ray Kroc didnt take one dime from McDonalds. He lived entirely on the modest salary he took from his milk-shake mixer business. The neglect of Kroc may perhaps be due to the fact that McDonalds is an ubiquitous presence (some would say too much so) on the American landscape. But that presence, some 25,000 restaurants strong around the world, never would have occurred without the drive, enthusiasm, will, and sheer optimism of a man who dreamed of a chain of restaurants coast to coast that would all serve the same food prepared the same way in the same restaurants in the same fast and friendly way. Once McDonalds become established, the world forgot Krocs humble origins and instead focused on his life as a multimillionaire e.g owner of the San Diego Padres and contributor to Nixons second re-election effort. Forgotten too was his leadership style, which to this day, is very applicable to anyone who dreams of starting a business, or managing it. Here are some of the principles Ray Kroc lived and led by. * Vision Once he had witnessed the McDonald brothers hamburger drive-in in San Bernardino, Kroc knew he had found what he was looking for: the opportunity to establish a nationwide chain of standardized, fast-food eateries. Today it seems obvious, but given the time, 1954, it seemed closer to fantasy. Friends of Kroc warned him that he was crazy to consider building a business on 15-cent hamburgers. It must be said that Kroc initially envisioned McDonalds as a opportunity to sell more Multi-mixers, but the more he investigated and the more he invested, he realized that McDonalds had the potential to rewrite the fast-food rule book and in the process establish the quick service restaurant business. * Conviction Theres almost nothing you cant accomplish if you set your mind to it he told a group of MBA students in 1976. And he lived those words. Kroc held fast to his dream of McDonalds restaurants. And furthermore to the idea that the restaurant concept would only succeed if everyone in the system operators, suppliers, corporate held to the same strict standards in food offerings, food preparation, food delivery, and service principles. * Flexibility As rigidly as Kroc held to strict standards in food preparation and service, he was open and eager for new ideas, chiefly from operators. New products like Big Mac and Egg McMuffin emerged from operators; Krocs attempts at new products the Hula Burger and a strawberry dessert, to name two were abject failures. Yet Kroc was smart enough to run with a good idea no matter who originated it. Thats leadership. * Cooperation Kroc built the McDonalds System on the simple, but fundamental philosophy, that everyone would profit or no one would. For this reason, he established a system that put operator profits first. Only by ensuring operator profitability would the system succeed. (In contrast to other franchisers of the time, Kroc charged no markup for supplies and equipment. He sold everything at cost.) He applied the same philosophy to his suppliers. This faith in letting others prosper first cost McDonalds dearly in the early years, but it paid off handsomely in the end. * Enthusiasm Ray Kroc loved the hamburger business. He could wax lyrically about the water content of french fries, or the curves of a hamburger bun. More so, he enjoyed talking up his restaurant business; it was his passion and his avocation. This kind of enthusiasm seems innate to many salespeople, and they need it in spades. Ardor for what they do steels them against the rejection that salespeople face on a daily basis. Kroc possessed so much enthusiasm; he was contagious. Since his enthusiasm was so infectious, he was able to attract so many of the right people to him. * Toleration of Dissent Many entrepreneurs live by the rule, my way or the highway. Not Kroc. His boldest move in this area was his hiring of Harry Sonneborn as his finance manager in 1956. As different as night and day, Kroc and Sonneborn formed a remarkable team. Where Sonneborn was taciturn and detail-driven, Kroc was outgoing and visionary. But without Sonneborn, McDonalds would never have survived. It was Sonneborns idea to establish the Franchise Realty Corporation, a real estate venture that enabled McDonalds Corporation to profit from the growth of the chain. Sonneborn and Kroc clashed constantly, but Kroc tolerated the dissent because he knew Sonneborn was good for the System. (Sadly, the two eventually parted, but it was well after Sonneborn was a multi-millionaire and had prospered from his ideas.) * Mentoring Salesman that he was, Ray Kroc had an eagle eye for talent. He plucked Fred Turner, the organizational mind behind the McDonalds operating system, from the ranks of potential operators. Kroc nurtured Turner as he did others; and in the process, built his business by selecting the right people at the right time. (It must be said that Kroc was sometimes arbitrary. In a fit of pique he might demand that man who didnt shine his shoes, or wore his hat incorrectly, be fired. Typically, the order would never be carried by Rays executive team who knew better. And in time, Kroc would forget the incident.) * Giving As generous as he was with advice, Kroc was generous with a dollar. After becoming a centi-millionaire several times over, he established a foundation to support his charitable efforts. Even before he was wealthy, McDonalds staged promotional events linked to local Chicago charities. To be certain, the original aim was publicity; but over time, Kroc and his team initiated a culture of giving that is alive and well today throughout the McDonalds System.(The Ronald McDonald House, which provides housing for relatives of children undergoing lengthy hospital stays, is one such example.) Of course, the point of giving is not to get something back, but rather to give something back; For leaders, giving helps create a culture where everyone in the organization becomes more outwardly focused in ways large and small that help benefit others. Kroc understood this principle and the organizations he built are a testament to it. * Optimism If ever there were the archetype of salesman whos always looking for a rainbow in a hailstorm, its Ray Kroc. I have always believed that each man makes his own happiness and is responsible for his own problems, so wrote Kroc in his autobiography, Grinding It Out. It was a philosophy that served him well. Faced with adversity throughout his life, he overcame much of it and succeeded beyond his wildest dreams. Curiously, Krocs original passion was music; he was a piano player in nightclubs. But since it was not the kind of lifestyle that appealed to his wife nor to Krocs own entrepreneurial aspirations Kroc gave it up for a career in sales. Still, he possessed the irrepressible optimism that come from someone who can break into a song to please a crowd. All of these traits contributed to Krocs leadership style, but perhaps the greatest was his ability to sell an idea. The reason he was so persuasive was not because he was a good storyteller (he was); a good socializer (he was); had a way with words (he did). No, the chief reason for his leadership was Kroc was able to sketch out his vision and have the listen participate in it with him. Whether Ray was talking about french fries, or the McDonalds System, he believed in absolute truth of what he was saying. His sense of conviction larded with plenty of optimism, dwarfed doubt and helped the listener participate in the dream with him. Most important, this vision also was predicated on the idea that the listener would benefit by sharing in the dream with Kroc that would enrich and ennoble all who shared it. Couple Krocs conviction with his overwhelming optimism and you have a leader of whom salesmen can be proud and from whom managers everywhere can learn. Julia Gillard looks set to become Australias first female prime minister after Kevin Rudds support within the party all but evaporates. JULIA Gillard has never suffered from a shortfall of self-confidence but, equally, she has never displayed the kind of naked ambition that defined Kevin Rudd before he got the job, either. The confidence was on display four years ago when she discussed leadership as a hypothetical and observed: I think people are over the kind of really highly managed, suited, white bread style politicians. I think people are looking for more than that and different to that and, you know, I think I am different to that. But the confidence evident on the ABCs Australian Story was always underpinned by self-discipline, patience and an absence of hubris. Advertisement: Story continues below Rudds impatience asserted itself in an intellectual arrogance that meant the reservoir of goodwill was low when the chips were down. Gillards more grounded demeanour is just one of the reasons the disaffected are willing to embrace her. The qualities that stamped her as a future leader are the ones that will be put to the test if, as now seems likely, she becomes the countrys first female prime minister. There is no more perfect parliamentary performer on Labors side than Gillard, and no one who is better placed to take on Tony Abbott. She can master a brief, communicate a message, demonstrate wit and go for the kill. There is also the tenacity that asserted itself when, before her career even began, she failed in three separate pre selection bids and again yesterday when she staked her claim. The qualities that some suspected would constrain her ambition being female, unmarried and from the left of the ALP will be of no consequence today. But the gamble Labor has taken in tearing down the leader who delivered them power before he has served a full term is difficult to comprehend. As a member of the Rudd kitchen cabinet, Gillard shares responsibility for virtually all the negatives of recent months the broken promises, the retreat on the emissions trading scheme, and the brawl with the miners over the proposed resource rent tax. She has also presided over the schools building program that has faced heavy criticism, especially in New South Wales. But the truth of it is that Rudds inability to recognise his failures and project a confidence that he is capable of changing persuaded the plotters to put the weight on Gillard. This is not the way Gillard, or those who believe in her leadership qualities, wanted her to become prime minister. This is clear from what she told this writer in 2006 If, in the dim and distant future well down the road the Labor leadership were vacant, I would think about it then. But its never been in my nature particularly having seen what happened with Simon [Crean] to believe its about destabilising leaders. But in politics, you dont get to choose, and she will find out soon enough whether she is what she believes the electorate is looking to embrace. Part B Workplace Frustrations Poor Communication This doesnt sound like a very nice position to be in and it does need addressing sooner rather than later; if so many of you are unhappy, the business will end up losing good members of staff through neglect. If you one member of senior management and have felt like you achieved nothing, dont let this make you lose confidence/faith in the rest of the senior management team. There will be someone who is willing to listen and help where possible. You should request to have a team meeting/operator discussion with a member of staff either on the same level as the person you spoke with before or higher. Even better would be two members of staff from this level, one from your direct line managers (perhaps a team leader) and then possibly your HR officer. This time, however, manager should stand up as an individual from the contact centre trying to be the voice for everyone else. This can often land you in trouble because even though youre trying to help people who darent speak up, the result can be that it looks like you and you alone who has an issue. So, you need to get a couple of people together that feel the same and ask if a team meeting can be held. For this meeting you will need to have the points you want to discuss ready along with some ideas of how you feel the problem can be eased or even rectified. Make sure your colleagues dont try and turn this meeting into a slanging match, keep it as a civil discussion between all attendees as the management are more likely to listen and pay attention this way. The good thing about going forward as team should be that the senior management will sit up and listen. If just one person makes a noise, they might assume that the problem isnt that big or even isnt really a problem at all. The more people moved to become involved, the more likely your managers will actually want to resolve your issues. It will also be more difficult for them to give you your marching orders as they would have to treat your colleagues in the same way. And what company wants to lose three, four or more conscientious, committed staff members? Office Politics and Lack of Teamwork Where office politics exist there is almost always a lack of teamwork, this two politics overlaps. Since someone has decided to get ahead by limiting cooperation or information sharing.   In fact, I think these are really the same issue.   Theres only one reason that teams or individuals within a company should fail to work together effectively, and thats when there are incentives to encourage them to do otherwise.   If a business is established to make the best use of its resources, and then builds walls and political machinations that make it less efficient, those failures have to be obvious to the people in control.   So office politics and a lack of teamwork are not just accepted but often implicitly condoned by a management team that cant create clear incentives to work together and seems more intent on creating competitive teams that excel by eliminating team work. These frustrations point to t

The Draft in the USA Essay -- Army Military War Essays Papers

The Draft in the USA The draft is a taboo subject in America, but regardless of its controversy it is a subject that must be examined. The daft, however rash, is essential for America in case of a national emergency. Many people in this age of America lack patriotism for their country. Of course, many citizens ignore the fact that they are living in one of the only countries that offer you freedom and the choice to succeed as far as you want. However, â€Å"Of those to whom much is given, much is required† (Mackenzie) and all that is asked of you in America is to give yourself to her when asked. Many people would not risk their lives for America. That is when the government should put a call to action and reinstate the draft to insure the safety of American citizens. The people that oppose the draft believe that it segregates the poor from the rich and it cuts America right down the middle. â€Å"†¦poor blacks, Hispanics, and rural whites should not serve so disproportionately in the ranks of the military and that those in the ‘upper classes’ should also serve†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Akil) the opposed believe it’s unfair to decide by wealth. They believe that if the draft is to be reinstated it should not be in regards to race, wealth or any discriminatory trait. The draft may be prejudiced but it doesn’t mean it is not needed. There are many flaws in it, but there are also flaws in government, society, in every individual. These flaws are fixable, and in the future they will be corrected now Am...

Hazard and Outline Essay

1 An organization uses small quantities of toxic chemicals. (a) Identify FOUR possible routes of entry of toxic substances into the body. (4) (b) Explain the differences between acute and chronic health effects.(4) (c) Identify the sources of information which could be used in the assessment of risk of toxic substances. (4) (d) Outline the control measures that might be required in order to minimize risks to workers. (8) 2 Outline EIGHT precautions that should be taken when leaving a fork-lift truck unattended. (8) See more: essay apa format 3 Outline the FOUR main categories of guards and safeguarding devices that may be used to minimize the risk of contact with dangerous parts of machinery. (8) 4Outline the main hazard that may be present during the demolition of a building. (8) 5(a)Outline the possible risks to health associated with the use of display screen equipment (DSE) (4) (b)Identify the features of a chair to ensure it is suitable for use at a DSE workstation.(4) 6 Outline the requirements to ensure the safe evacuation of persons from a building in the event of a fire. (8) 7(a)Identify FOUR mechanical hazards associated with the use of a pedestral drill (4) (b)Outline FOUR control measures to reduce the risk of injury to operators of Pedestal drills. (4) 8Outline precautions that should be taken to reduce the risk of harm from electrical equipment in a workplace.

Discrimination And Separation Among Men And Women

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