The Life and Needs of an Elderly

The subject of this study is Evgenia. She is an 86 year-old woman living in one of the Jewish Federation Apartments in New York. She is not a native of America. She came from Ukraine 16 years ago and she also lived in Israel for two years. Evgenia speaks and writes very little English but she is able to communicate whenever she has to.She spent twenty-six happy years of her life with her husband. Unfortunately, he died of stroke at the age of 48. Though she was still young then, she never remarried. After all, her kids were always there for her and her grandkids always kept her occupied. She said that her family was indeed very supportive of her, even up to now.Evgenia has a daughter and a granddaughter who live here in America. She also has a son in Ukraine. She said that her daughter comes to visit her apartment once every week. When she does, she helps her with shopping.At times, her daughter also drives her to dry cleaners and to her doctor’s appointments. She also helps E vgenia find the stuff that she can’t find. Evgenia needs some help at times with organizing her things because she is completely blind.Evgenia became totally blind as a result of her Glaucoma. She was only 36 when she was diagnosed with the condition. To slow down the effects of the condition, she tried various forms of treatment for ten years. However, her condition did not improve.When not one of her treatment plans seemed to work, she decided to undergo a surgery. In 1975, she had an eye surgery in Ukraine but to her dismay, the procedure only made her condition worse. She first lost her vision on the left eye. Overtime, she could no longer see with any of her eyes.When she was 78, Evgenia learned that she has also developed Parkinson’s disease. However, she takes medication for her condition and noted that â€Å"It’s in control†. Evgenia also has Hernia but she explained that the condition hasn’t bothered her yet.Although most people who have E vgenia’s conditions are bed ridden and dependent on aides, this adorable lady isn’t. In fact, Evgenia is very independent. She wants to do things on her own and she doesn’t like it when someone helps her. She walks by herself, makes her bed, and bathes and dresses by herself. She even cooks on her own.Her condition doesn’t hinder her from reading for Evgenia knows brail. She reads a lot and on top of it, she also listens to books and tapes and answers crossword puzzles. She also knits a lot. She knits blankets, gloves, socks, hats, and more.To know where and which colors she will use for her knitting, she keeps her knitting basket in order. She gets by with her daily living tasks because she always keeps her stuff set up in a certain way that she knows where things are and what they are. Evgenia still has a very good memory that she can rely on.Elderly Care Set-upI. The need to move There are a variety of reasons why the elderly has to move away from his family. However, the most common reason is that the relatives are really incapable of caring for their elderly. Sadly, many people see the elderly as a burden. For Evgenia however, the case is quite different.Before she was admitted in the Jewish Federation Apartments, Evgenia lived with her daughter. Her family, as stated previously, was very supportive of her. The problem was that she was not comfortable with the place.Although she liked being around her family, she felt that she needed to be more independent. She noted that her daughter’s house was quite small. She described it as a â€Å"two-storey home with too many steps†, which is not favorable for someone who already had a hip replacement surgery like her.The place also didn’t have a home phone. Since the home was generally not conducive for the life of an elderly, she often hesitated – and even felt afraid – to be alone in the house. What made things worse was that she had no privacy becau se she had to sleep in the same room with her granddaughter.As such, Evgenia then told her family that she wanted to live on her own. Luckily, her daughter said that it was alright for she knew well how independent her mother was.II. Independent living and the patient’s experienceEvgenia has been attending an adult day care, â€Å"Guilt Care†, even before she was living in the Jewish Federation Apartments. She goes to the day care at least five times every week. At the day care, she finds lots of things that she could do. Technically, it serves as a place for socialization and education.There, she knits and lets people read crossword puzzles to her. She also listens to concerts and nurses’ lectures on how the elderly can take care of themselves. She meets with a dietician once a week as well.When she decided to live on her own, she spoke with the social worker from the day care and asked for help. She was then referred to the Jewish Federation Apartments. This r esidence is open to the elderly, aged 62 years old or older.To be a tenant, Evgenia had to complete an application, furnish the requirements, and then have her request stamped and placed on the waiting list. At that time, she didn’t have Medicaid/Medicare and SSI.However, with the help of the social worker, she was able to get the insurance and the SSI qualifications. After a year and a half being on the waiting list, she finally got an apartment of her own.Now, Evgenia has been living in the apartment for a decade. She said that she is very happy there. Living in independent living community has some built-in benefits. The first of which was the fact that there are many seniors with whom Evgenia can socialize with.The second was that the features of the apartments were specifically designed to fit the security, comfort, and safety needs of the elderly. What Evgenia liked more about the Apartments was that it has a huge community room where different kinds of activities are i nitiated – from daily exercises to parties. Evgenia loves to play Bingo on Thursdays.Since the Jewish Federation Apartments is an independent living community, the place does not have a 24/7 medical support service, nor does it provide regular custodial care for the clients. The place is just exactly what Evgenia wants.Since she can take care of herself, she only requires her nurse aid to come only twice a week for four hours plus 15 minutes every morning on weekdays. Her daughter also visits her.III. The care an elderly needsa. Caring for the patient with glaucomaEvgenia’s total blindness was the result of her glaucoma. Treatment against Glaucoma can prevent visual loss, but that only happens if the condition is just at its very early phase. Although Evgenia had undergone treatment, perhaps she only did when her condition was already at an advanced state. Unfortunately, the damage caused by this condition cannot be reversed.In general, people with glaucoma may experie nce depression and anxiety. The loss of vision can render many people helpless and that is why they may need to have a companion always. In the case of Evgenia however, she was able to overcome her impairment.Since she’s smart, she learned brail so she can continue to read. Her sharp memory and her â€Å"orderliness† with her things also compensated for the sense of sight that she lost.While most people who are blind need utmost care and help, Evgenia doesn’t. What she needs is some encouragement which she can gain from meeting and talking to other seniors who also have glaucoma. Apart from that, her relatives and nursing aid can also help her with some household tasks.b. Caring for a patient with Parkinson’s diseaseAlthough Evgenia said that her condition is â€Å"in control†, it must be noted that Parkinson’s disease is chronic and progressive. So this means that it will persist over time and its symptoms will also grow worse. To understan d her case and her health and physical care needs, below is a list of the symptoms that people with Parkinson’s disease can experience (From MayoClinic.com).

Karachi Shares Innumerable Secrets English Literature Essay

Contrariwise to an foreigner of Karachi, the metropolis remains elusive, even if it welcomes them. But for those Karachiites who has moved someplace else, even many old ages after their visit, the lone thing I can state with certainty is that Karachi stays on you, the metropolis keeps oozing in from underneath tightly shut doors in memory. â€Å" It ‘s a dead metropolis † If Karachiites who go to other fellow metropoliss do n't express these cliched discourses about the topographic point, so they likely are non Karachiites to the bosom. The above is merely what I said when I had to see a adjacent metropolis with my household, though it was for merely a twosome of hebdomads. â€Å" It ‘s non deserving life in † would be the treatment my brother and I would hold clip and once more. The fact that the roads were about empty after 11pm, the stores would shut early and that people were a small excessively insouciant was intolerable for us. Even the most beautiful love narrative of my life began, many old ages ago in the early 70aˆ?s, here in this metropolis of visible radiations. It was a meeting of two disparate psyches, their waies everlastingly altered by a opportunity brush. My Ma and Dad met in Karachi a twenty-four hours before my male parent was to return to his household in other metropolis. Small did he cognize that a adult female, who introduced herself as proprietor of the biggest film in Karachi, would go forth such an impact. What happened in those minutes will everlastingly stay a romantic enigma, as it should. When I was still really small my parents used to take me to the sea shore of the metropolis ; I do n't retrieve much about it, I was likely excessively immature, but one thing I do retrieve is their love for the sea conveying into me. I remember how puzzling and absorbing each and every moving ridge seemed to me back so and how strongly it affected my sense of esthetics. And now, after rather many old ages, one twenty-four hours I stopped at a seaboard eating house with friends. Lights shone all across the H2O that seaports those eating houses. We spent rather some clip seeking to capture it in exposure, but there is something to such scenes that can non be caged inside pels. That portion of the Arabian Sea was so pass oning at that minute. All I could believe at that really minute was how anyone could bear populating right following to something so powerful, so beautiful. How were people non driven into craze by the sea as it crashed infinitely on the shore? Or possibly they were. It was so when I began to remember how my gramps used to state me about our favourite metropolis. He often used to advert that in the initial yearss after divider, Karachi was a beacon of hope and chance for migrators who came from far and broad. He frequently expressed that Karachi was one time a metropolis of dreams where everybody, irrespective of race, colour or credo had the chance of prosperity and success and an upward societal mobility through doggedness and difficult work. Whoever you were and wherever you came from in chase of your dreams, you were received thirstily by this magnificent and truly metropolitan metropolis. His earliest flashes of memory were of a beautiful metropolis by flaxen beaches, A a metropolis which ne'er went to kip and seemed to throb round the clock, unlike any other urban centre in the state. Its sea breeze-cooled-evenings, scented by raat qi ranee, were the material of poesy. Its famed dark life was non merely for the rich but was accessible to the in-between category excessively, my Grandfather articulated. Yes, any bustling city in the Third World wo n't be without its portion of the destitute. But Karachi someway managed to turn up the hapless in its embracing. Rarely did anyone slumber hungry. Karachi was the state ‘s amusement capital ; I could experience my gramps ‘s enriched tone while he revealed this. The metropolis had over five 100 film ; over three twelve dark nines, legion bars, a good maintained race class and what are still possibly some of the finest natural beaches in the part. Other favourite musca volitanss were the Kemari fishing seaport. It was in the seventiess that the metropolis ‘s celebrated crabbing scene was first urbanised in Kemari. By the late sixtiess touristry as an industry in Karachi was booming, so much so that in 1972 the authorities created the state ‘s first dedicated touristry ministry and section, with their chief offices situated in Karachi. He used to note those chai khanas and restaurants from good old yearss. Cafes appeared ordinary yet ask foring from outside but this was non the lone instance one time you enter. You could instantly connect with those topographic points. Tiny chairs, white topped tabular arraies, polite servers, little teapots and a nostalgic show of cutter. Particular reference among all those coffeehouse was the 1 at Lasbella. He specified that this peculiar cafe was the hub of all the authors and poets of that clip. Coffee house at M.A. Jinnah route and P.I.D.C ‘s paan was my gramps and his friend ‘s favourite and a must travel on every dark out. Social Life was reasonably fast, and I believe it still is. In Karachi there is a blend of civilization from all the states of PakistanA which makes it particular. Peoples in Karachi love to observe events, puting aside all the differences in dramatis personae and colour. Karachi was a great topographic point to convey up one ‘s kids, my Grandfather expounded. Peoples loved the old ropeway that trundled along from Empress Market to Kemari from where they would so skip into a sailing boat that took them to the attractive picnic musca volitanss of Sandspit and Hawksbay. There were n't many autos but one still caught an infrequent glance of them howling down Victoria Road. Chevrolet was the male monarch during the 1950ss and 1960ss, right up to the early 1970ss, the Chevy Belairs and so the Impalas were the most popular of all autos. Those were the yearss when no citizen of this province of all time thought of migrating to Britain or United States. Men, adult females and kids could walk the streets of the metropolis boulder clay tardily at dark and no 1 would trouble oneself them, my gramps told me. In fact, what he missed most about the Karachi of the late '50s and early '60s was the spirit of tolerance, secularism and open-mindedness that existed. There was besides decency and graciousness. I, myself have frequently felt that large metropoliss, with their tall edifices and short piques, are all likewise at some degree. However, this metropolis will retain one quality, a certain facet of character, that will be entirely its ain. I recognize this in the about hallucinating passion the people of Karachi seem to hold for their metropolis, in the manner their love seems to turn in times of bad luck. Karachi is known informally as the metropolis of visible radiations. But fast frontward to several decennaries subsequently, now Karachi has aged enormously. It is no longer considered a starry-eyed kid nurtured by finding. There are Sindhi, Balochi, Punjabi and Pakhtoon. All political parties own them all, talk about them and they are still on their docket. But whenever their militants are killed, they hijack their place metropolis, shuting all roads. They leave us Karachiites stranded by prehending the gasoline pumps, and shut down markets turning a deaf ear to our cries of wretchedness. And yet, Karachiites keep walking, with bruised articulatio genuss and scraped mortise joints, loving their metropolis more and more every twenty-four hours. I do cognize, nevertheless, the little enviousness of person ( read: me ) who has non owned a metropolis in such an unconditioned manner. It ‘s a common head set of people that we invariably think what ‘s incorrect with our country/city but we ne'er try and appreciate what we are blessed with. Why this metropolis is so unloved by some when it embraces wholly? If merely for a alteration we healed Karachi with the energy with which we plunder it. As Bertrand Russell says: ‘The route, I fear, is long. But that is no ground for losing sight of the ultimate hope. ‘ Karachi, as I see it, is the forefront metropolis, economic hub and the individuality of Pakistan. All good old movables of the metropolis, about which my gramps had told me, I believe their kernel is still the same. And I am certain that I have every bit much good memories of the Karachi metropolis, as my Grandfather had. Hopefully when I would convey the following coevals about my darling metropolis, with a small spot of finding they are traveling to be proud on being a Karachiitie, as much proud as I am.By: Dr. Sana Akhtar

Mining Investement Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mining Investement Analysis - Research Paper Example ii. Refined copper production differs from mine production. Mine production includes the extraction of the copper ores from the copper mines while refined copper production is derived from mine production. In simple terms, mine production is just the extraction an refined copper from underground or the surface while refined copper production involves refining of copper from the mine production. Even though there is a long standing desire to capture additional economic returns through copper products fabrications, the prospects from the copper in both the short term and medium term are not pleasing. There exists variability between the productions and selling of copper and copper alloy semi-manufacturers on a significant scale is highly constrained by factors from the demand side and the supply side. Though copper is a major input in the copper fabrication industry, copper faces little competitive advantage from sourcing copper inputs locally. This is because the price of copper is set by the international commodity exchanges and greatly varies little through out the world. If a given country produces copper, a fabricator in the same country may not have much cost advantage when buying copper in another country. In this case, the maximum cost advantage which the country (the latter) could gain is the cost of shipping the cathode copper to the fabricator in the former county. The fabrication of copper required other raw materials which may not be available in the producing country. As a general rule, the copper industry prefers to use scrap provided that there is supply of acceptability quality and 37 percent of the copper be derived from scrap metal. Many copper products are copper alloys in many countries and only a few of the other metals are required. The need to import the other metals may be a source of comparative disadvantage for some countries. In some copper producing

Gun control memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gun control memo - Essay Example As such, this brief analysis will seek to consider the debate from the perspective of the pro-gun control movement. In such a way, it will be the express goal of this author to relate to the reader some of the most powerful arguments in favor of further gun control and the rationale behind these (Winkler 41-43). The first, and perhaps most contentious of the issues that this analysis will seek to discuss, is the issue of whether or not the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution sought to convey individual gun rights to the citizen. Although the law has long been interpreted to mean just this, the fact of the matter is that when one reads the Second Amendment from a literalist perspective, it is quite clear that the Second Amendment is speaking to the needs of the states and individual regions of the newly formed United States to form a militia as a means of protecting the Republic (Egendorf 54). In such a way, the Second Amendment can and should be interpreted as little more than admission from the Federal government that it promises not to infringe upon the rights of the militias (National Guard and Army Reserves) to maintain a stock of weaponry for the purpose of defense and securing the borders of the new nation (Lott 32). This particular argument hinges upon interpretation o f the Constitution; one of the most contested documents within the political spectrum. However, from a rhetorically honest standpoint, the text of the bill specifies specifically what it denotes; i.e. the right of the states and by extension the militias under their control to retain weapons. In short, such argument is valid; however, it cannot be used to engage those members of the pro-gun persuasion because they have almost invariably chosen to interpret the document by a wholly different standard (Winkler 12). The second argument, which will be utilized

To what extent does the concept of ethics affect online business Essay

To what extent does the concept of ethics affect online business - Essay Example In relation to the study the company which has been selected is Global Media, a London based online mass media organisation which acts as a platform where different mass media houses can market their offerings to the customers. Advertising as well as marketing companies can utilise the services offered by Global Media Company to market as well as distribute their products. These products and services include literary works as well as advertisements for various goods that are related to the media fraternity. This online agency is primarily concerned with providing a network for media organisations to link with their customers. Global Media has a large database for customers as well as providers of different products and services. All the transactions between the media organisations as well as customers are facilitated by Global Media Company. Payments for these products and services offered are done online. Basically, Global Media Company is responsible for compiling and managing the database for various media houses. The organisation operates at a global level since it deals with stakeholders from different parts of the world. A close analysis of the operations of Global Media Company shows that there are broadly two lessons that can be learnt from it. The network approach taken by the organisation overlooks some of the important societal values that characterise people from different backgrounds since the company is mainly driven by the concerns of the proprietors. The other issue that is of concern in this particular case is related to ethical marketing since it can be observed that the company at times give precedence to its profit oriented goals at the expense of the needs of the other stakeholders at large. Thus, these two issues are discussed in detail below and the lessons leant are also outlined. The other part of the report will discuss the measures that can be taken by the managers at Global Media to resolve the issues for the betterment of the compan y in its future operations. Network approach The main issue with the network approach by Global Media is that the model of communication is mainly linear. The main problem with this model is that special consideration is given to the sender of the message and it follows a linear direction. However, the use of the internet has made it possible for information to flow from different angles where all the stakeholders are treated as equal. According to McQuail (2000), this model of communication is criticised because it follows a linear channel from the sender to the recipient. Indeed, the organisation is in business of marketing various products and services to different stakeholders but the problem is that the communication process is skewed in favour of the people who are responsible for designing the message. Molwana (1997) acknowledges that there are several communication networks in society and everyone belongs to one or several of these. As such, people are members of groups, coo peratives and other

Long term care Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Long care - Term Paper Example sadena nursing home is one of the largest private nursing homes in Texas, offering excellent long term care services including medications and meals to both patients and their families. Located in Pasadena, within the greater Huston area, Texas, the long term care facility provides 24 hour nursing care services to a wide range of patients including seniors with disabilities and serious illnesses. The environment at the Houston based facility is particularly designed to provide the residents with a comfortable life and make them feel part of the community. Although many patients attending the facility are those requiring long term nursing and medical supervision, Courtyards at Pasadena also offers specialized long term care programs for a wide range of illnesses such as Alzheimer’s disease. According to Courtyards at Pasadena’s official website (2014), the facility is managed by a for-profit corporation and is part of a multiple nursing home chain and not located in a particular hospital. With 196 beds and close to 125 residents, the registered nurse occupancy rate at Courtyards at Pasadena is above average. The nurses form part of the highly trained team of professionals at the facility who are always ready to provide all sorts of assistance towards developing individualized care plans for the patients in order to achieve the desired care goals. All the professional staff as well as the independent staff and consultants at the organization are highly committed to working with the residents and patients as partners in order to effectively meet their diverse individualized health care, coordination and rehabilitation needs. In addition, as part of its financial considerations, the organization allows its clients to explore available financial options including Medicaid, Medicare, private funding and insurance managed funding among others. However, what make Courtyards at Pasadena nursing home particularly special with regard to the provision of excellent care

Conservation and Management of the Environment Case Study - 5

Conservation and Management of the Environment - Case Study Example On the other hand, her employer Carl Damon is not strongly into environmentalism. He gets excited and hopes that Jacquie would create awareness about the entire thing across the organization’s employees. Jacquie Lipscomb’s interest was in the prevention of pollution which dated back to her school days. She used to track everything that happened to all the papers and came up with a recycling program that was implemented in the entire school. Thus, Jacquie was really encouraged by the company’s interest in conserving the environment. She got accustomed to all the operations at KTI and educated herself of all the outputs from the manufacturing procedures and designed ways through which the firm could reduce the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Her work at KTI was remarkable and Carl, her boss, was really impressed with her performance at work. After about a year, Jacquie realized that the company has been selling its wastes to another company which never disposed of the wastes properly. This made her approach her boss for clarification. To her surprise, Carl disclosed how the implementation of environmental approaches made the firm’s interest to diminish. In addition, his response was clear that the strategies Jacquie had put in place were never supported. Jacquie felt deceived and wondered if the management is transparent with every operation in the company. Jacquie has all the reasons to feel or rather conclude that Carl deceived her. Deceit has been a problem in companies for years. Thus, to cope with such situations in organizations, there are a number of actions that one should take. These actions are meant to make a person deal with the management which has lost its sight of vision and reality and failed to implement the strategies that are worth to the company, employees, environment and the entire society. To start with, pinpointing the reason why managers sometimes lie is extremely crucial.  

Humanities Week 4 discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Humanities Week 4 discussion - Essay Example Expressionism is mainly characterized use of realistic color and utilization of perspective techniques in regeneration of an illusion of reality (Chilvers, 2009). Moreover, the colors are normally selected in order to suit the emotion felt or in creation of the emotional effect. Expressionism painting responds to the current challenges via motivation in arguing individuals to abandon their underlying conventional means of viewing things and embrace fresh perception of the ever-dynamic universe. The underlying messages are mainly voiced by the prevailing groups that are normally baffled society, broadening the gap amidst traditional culture and the corresponding avant-grade art. Impressionism was radical art movement that emanates from the corresponding moving outdoors from the underlying studio and painting (Chilvers, 2009). The artist broke up the prevailing light into numerous colors and paint such that viewers eye could be mixed and blend from far. Conversely, Expressionism mainly depicted emotions via feelings of the universe and underlying artist. Moreover, Expressionism art in the 20th century mainly reconnoitered the prevailing innermost landscape of the soul whilst those of the 19th century rematerialize painting with coloring and beauty depicting natural landscape fundamentally in diverse

What is the relation between the divided line and the allegory of the Essay

What is the relation between the divided line and the allegory of the cave from Books 6 and 7 of the Republic Do you find this to be an accurate representation of the process of learning - Essay Example According to Plato, the bottom two; imagination and belief, can be perceived as simple opinions and are different from one person to another (Baird 500-520). The two are found in the physical world and are discoverable through senses that can be mistaken making the truth that is associated with these two vary form one person to another. The next two, which are understanding and reason, are in existence to seek truths in the meta-physical world making them collectively true. The type of truth associated with understanding included that of mathematics, maxims along with definitions, and even though they are artificial, they are questioned. The best way to achieve truth of knowledge is through reason which actively questions issues in the environment. In Plato’s view, reasoning brings understanding of the forms and forms possess the ultimate truth. Plato implies that goodness and love are products of reason but this love is not identical to the kind of love that is perceived in the present day. Love as explained by Plato is the desire for something that is not possessed, and this motivates people to get what they do not have. The allegory of the cave explains the route one must take in order to achieve this knowledge and how individuals are bound in the cave of imagination where the shadows that are on the walls are the truths. The people who create the shadows are those in positions of power who have the belief that they are conversant with the truth and attempt to utilise it in corrupting the masses into giving them more power. Fire stands for an imperfect good while love represents a self-good that is supposed to bring more power to them. An individual inside the cave should be able to see further than the shadows and turn in the direction of the fire while identifying that the objects seen in the hands of the puppeteer may seem true but are not actually true. When a person leaves the cave, he will be blinded by the

Participants in the study Essay Example for Free

Participants in the study Essay Of the 40 participants in the study, 26 delivered the maximum shocks while 14 stopped before reaching the highest levels. It is important to note that many of the subjects became extremely agitated, distraught and angry at the experimenter. Yet they continued to follow orders all the way to the end. So 65% of the participants in Milgrams study delivered the maximum shocks. There were also questions asked regarding the ethics of the study, if we compare it to the British Psychology Societys summary of ethics guidelines (1990) for the conduct of psychological experiments. General Distress Distress to participants must be avoided but does not seem to be the case in this research with participants concerned they are harming the learner. Informed Consent this must be gained with an explanation of the research where ever possible. In this study to the give the participant a full explanation would not have had the results that they got in the first place. They would have caused questions regarding the validity of the research. This then leads us to:- Deception They were not fully aware of what was going on or the aims and objectives of the research so therefore they were deceived. Debriefing Milgram fully debriefed the participants and did this extensively and out of all of the participants that 84% were glad to have participated, while only 1% regretted their involvement. The right to withdraw the participant does have this right but this was not really the case here as here when a participant wanted to stop the experiment, the experimenter probed the subject to continue, pressure was added to continue the study so as not to affect the data. Protection of Participants now this is from both physical and psychological harm which was not the case in either component. This study would not be able to be completed today due to the ethical issues affecting this but as you saw in the results that it did prove that people would obey even after they believe its wrong. Now if we look at Zimbardos (1971) in his study The Stanford Prison Experiment he was looking to see people conforming to social roles according to what people believe about a given situation. So for example this was how the prisoners would obey the guards orders if they believed that they were in jail. The reason that this appealed to Zimbardo was he was a former class mate of Milgram and was interested in expanding on his research. Zimbardo set the experiment by first placing an advert in the paper asking for male students to participant in a prison life experiment. The students who applied there were 24 in total they were selected from larger group that had applied for the study because they had no psychological issues, medical condition and no criminal backgrounds. They were all agreed to be in for one to two weeks for the experiment. The experiment was due to last two weeks but this had to be stopped early due to what was happening to the participants. The guards became abusive and prisoners began to show signs of extreme anxiety and stress. Neither the prisoners nor the guards were advised on how to interact with the each other. The guards began to behave like real life guards but they were also aggressive towards the prisoners, and the prisoners became passive and depressed. Five of the prisoners began to experience such severe negative emotions, that they had to be released from the study early. According to Zimbardo and his colleagues, experiment shows the powerful role that a situation can play in human behaviour. Because the guards were placed in a position of power, they began to behave in ways they would not normally in their everyday lives or in other situations. The prisoners, placed in a situation where they had no real control, became passive and depressed. The experiment could like Milgrams could not be repeated by researchers today because it fails to meet the standards established by numerous ethical codes which I am going to look at now, by comparing the experiment to the British Psychology Societys summary of ethics guidelines (1990) for the conduct of psychological experiments. General Distress this was caused to both the prisoners and the guards, as the prisoners were humiliated and the guards became more and more aggressive which was caused by them wanting to do what they were supposed to do. Informed Consent This was again something that they were unable to do as this may have had an effect on the results of the experiment, the participants were aware of certain things like that they were part of a prison experiment but not the aims and objectives of the experiment. Deception due to the fact they the participants were not fully aware of what was going on and what was expected or wanted means there is a certain level of deception in the experiment. Debriefing Zimbardo did debrief all of the participants but there has been suggestions that this was not enough or a through as Milgrams debriefing process. Right To Withdraw Like during the Milgram experiment the participants did have the right to withdraw but when they asked or showed that they wanted to leave they were persuaded to stay. Eventually a few of the participants had to be allowed to leave early as they were beginning to show extreme stress. Protection of Participants this was the biggest area that was had ethics question raised, the participants were under a lot of stress, they began to believe the things that were being said to them and how they were being spoken to, they began to lose their identity which again caused stress, many of the participants became emotional under this pressure and some even became aggressive. The guards were inflicting this on them but this was situational. The experiment came to an end early when another psychologist realised on how far this had gone. Even Zimbardo himself said that he began to believe that he was the prison warden not the lead psychologist. Despite the criticism that this study received it is still important in psychology and how a situation can influence behaviour. The study more recently was brought to light when there were questions being asked of soldiers treatment of prisoners in Abu Ghraib, and many people and even Zimbardo himself suggested that this may have been the real world example of what he was trying to achieve through research. To conclude there are many things that influence behaviour in people, wither that be their own beliefs and opinions or other people being around them at the time, they way in which people work is very complex and the study although brilliant at the times with the break through that they made into the social side of psychology have raised questions over the ethical issues that are also something to be looked at. Today the studies would not have been able to take place and in some ways this is a shame as we would not may be have had the knowledge that we have now because of them. Yet if they had thought of other ways around to come up with the same type of results then this would have been better for all of the subjects concerned. I think the research that was done was invaluable and that psychologists will always believe this just the questions over the methods leave a small black cloud over something rather brilliant. References Books Cardwell, Clark, Meldrum, Wadeley. Psychology A2 for AQA (Fourth Edition) HarperColins. Gross, Richard Psychology, the Science of Mind and Behaviour -Hodder and Stoughton Gross, Richard. , McIlveen, Rob. , Coolican, Hugh. , Clamp, Alan Russell, Julia. Psychology a new introduction for A2 Hodder and Stoughton. Websites  http://wilderdom.com

Financial Performance of Sainburys and Marks and Spencer

Financial Performance of Sainburys and Marks and Spencer One of the best idea to account for analysis is to ask the question should we invest our money in the company either to buy a small business Or share of existing company before we take such decision there are question we tend to ask ourselves. If the business could be profitable, has there been any growth over some period of time. The best way to answer this question is to do some analysis over the financial income statement and balance sheet for performance evaluation. A technique ratio called financial ratio can get this done. This is a technique used to describe and interpret the relationship of certain financial data in the financial statements that would otherwise be devoid of meaning. Bendrey et al (2004). Users of financial Statement Users of financial statement can be found with and outside the organisation sector of an economy. Most user intend to have full information of the organisation before doing any transaction with them for instance a potential customers may request for special information like annual financial report . Therefore, the use of financial statement is categories under the respective people. Users information Need Investors: This help to decide whether there is need to increase and decrease interest of ownership. For making investment risk and return. Managers: it helps the management to set up managerial goal. The goal like be set in term of increase in profitability. Customers: this is to know the firms stability and capability to delivered goods and service to be purchased. Other users they include government in area like Tax, security trading. Potential suppliers and creditors: They are in rest to know if a company can pay their bills. In order for financial information to be useful it has to be interpreted. Not only should financial statement be interpreted but to also compare it with another financial statement of an organisation in context. Reason for ratio comparison Skousen et al(1999) states that . The standard of comparison used for benchmarking can be used on the performance of the company withinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. To determine the performance of a company there will be need for comparison of financial statement of that company either by using the past and the present or with another company financial statement. It is not good enough to compare the financial statement of a company but to also recognise comprising by benchmarking this is because there is need to deal with the inability of recognising any shortcomings and faults. Economic performance measurement Most big organisation are separated into divisions where there managers have aggregate responsibility for investment and profit. There is a structure comprising many sections, the relationship that division has should be run so that no division by seeking to increase its own profit can reduce the organisation profit as a whole. We shall be concerned with the ratios that measure the economic performance, which concentrate not only on profitability, but on range other performances. RELEVANT RATIOS IN MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANISATION In Davies and Buckskin(2005) outlines various ratios of which the following shall be used to analyse the performance of Marks and Spencer, Sainsbury Profitability ratio: The general primary object is for the organisation to maximise the wealth of the owners of the business. To this two ratios will be discuss under this Profit Margin: This is a ratio that helps to gain the relationship between purchasing costs and sales revenue of an organisation Gross margin%= gross margin = Sales-Cost of sales(COS) Sales Sales ROCE: This measures the return to the owners on the book value of their investment in a company. Efficiency Ratios: The monitory of efficiency ratios by companies is important because this relate direct to the effectiveness of a business changed into cash for instant if company are not paid in accordance to trading there profit margin may be eroded by financing costs. Therefore resources that have been used will be measure with the following ratios Stock days (turnover): The number of days thats stock could last. This applied to either total stock or work in progress. Total stock value Cost of sales Debtors Days or trade receivable: This indicates the average time taken in calendar days to receive payment from credit customers. = Trade debtors x 365 Sales LIQUIDITY RATIOS: This reflects the health position of the business and its liability to meet its short-term obligation. This could be compared by using the following ratios. Current Ratio: This is an overall measure of the liquidity of the business. = Current assets Current Liabilities Acid test(times): This indicate the ability of the company to pay its creditors in short-term =Current Stock Current liability (D) Gearing Ratio: They are generally concerned with the relationship between debt and equity capital, the financial structure of an organisation. These ratios are both used in describing the relative proportions of debts and equity used to finance a business. Long term debts Equity + long term debt Interest covered: This ratio calculates the number of times the interest payable is covered by profits available for such payments. = Profit before interest and tax Interest payable (E) Investment ratio: This indicates the extent to which the business is undertaking capital expenditure to ensure survival. Bockzko Davies(2005). Dividend cover: The number of times profit is attributed to equity shareholders covers the dividends payable for the period. = earnings per share Dividend per share Earnings per share: This measures the return per share of earnings available to share holders. Bockzko Davies (2005). = profit after tax- preference share dividends Number of ordinary shares in issue INTERPRETATION OF THE CALCULATED FINANCIAL RATIO OF SIANSBURY MARKS AND SPENCER 20099/2008. This report will be represented according to the standard set by A CIMA (1990) financial report can be presented as follows: To: GRIGORIOUS THEODOSPOUIOS FROM: DATE; 13/11/2010 SUBJECT: THE TWO COMPANYS PERFORMANCE A mere examination of accounting figures is normally insufficvient to allow for any meaningful conclusion to be reached, and ratio analysis enables enable the data available to be used on more comfortable basis. The information used toproduce this report is the extract from the |historical cost account for the year ended> of two companies. The calculated ratios are found in the appendix to the report LIQUIDITY RATIO Their is very much higher liquidity figure of creditors of Marks and Spencer in 2009 compare to Sainsbury in 2009. Also applicable in 2008. It appears that Marks Spencer is more Liquidity compare to Sainsbury in respective years. This may be that both companies are not running on same assets and liability. EFFICIENCY RATIO Sainsbury is having a stock turnover of 14days compare to the previous year as 15 days. This may indicate that stock is being managed efficiently, it is taking the business longer to collect debtors, although even at 11.5days compare to previous year which was 2008. Sainsbury debtors are not finding it difficult to pay their debts .They have been able to do this within 3.8days in 2009 compared to debtors owned in 2008. This within 3.8days in 2009 compared to debtors owned in 2008. This might lead to Sainsbury discounting amount own for quick payment. PROFITABILITY Sainsbury is having 13.1% of return on capital employed in 2009 which is higher to that of Marks and Spencer as 6.24%. This simply indicate that Sainsbury have been able to properly make use of their resources within their reach. A company should be profitable and efficient at the same time. Marks Spencer is having a high profit Margin of 7.8% in 2009. This might be that the company is operating at low price. Sainsbury profit Margin is very low at 2.5% in same year. This may be as a result of the company running its product at high price to bring about sales. GEARING RATIO Sainsbury and Marks Spencer would not be having problem in paying interest charged simply because they have a high profit to pay their lender in year 2009. Considering their gearing ratio, Sainsbury is having a very high gearing ratio to Marks Spencer INVESTORS RATIO In 2009 Marks and Spencer earning per share made available to its shareholder is 0.6 p compare to Sainsbury as 0.3p. It simply means that marks and Spencer is having a high return for it investors. In this case it will interest Marks and Spencer shareholder to invest more money into the business. In 2009 Marks and shows 1.4 times its profit attributes to equity shareholders covering dividends payable for the period compared to Sainsbury in 2009 for 1.3times. Limitation of financial ratio Gillespie et al(1997) States that, financial statement do not give sufficient information to draw firm conclusions. Therefore, in interpreting the financial statements of the two companies there is need to bear in mind that the analysis are based on profit and loss accounts and balance sheets which are subject to all the limitations of historical cost accounting. Inflation, specific price changes and differing bases of valuation are likely to distort comparisons References Bendrey,M., Hussey, R., West, C. (2004) Essential of financial acconnting in business. 1st edition Uk: TJ international.p.341. CIMA (1990) Stage 3 advanced financial Accounting. 3rd edition. England: BPP Publishing Limited.p.520. Davies, T. Boczko, T. (2005) Business Accounting and finance. 2nd edition.uk: McGraw-Hill education. Pp.154-176. Gillespie. I, Lewis, R., Hamilton, K.(1997)Principles of Financial Accounting.1st edition. Great Bretain: T. J international ltd. Neuman, B.R. Conner, E.C.(2007) Financial accounting: practical tools for analysing financial statements. 4th editions: Kendall Hot publishing company Skousen,K., Albrecht,W.S.,Stice,J.D.,Stice,E.K. Swain,.M.R(1999) Accounting concept and applications.7th edition.USA:International Thomson Publishing.p308-309. Bibliography References Gowthorpe, C. (2003) Business Accounting and finance: For non-specialist. 1st edition. Uk: Thomson Learning.pp373-392 Balance sheet Retrieved 20th Nov, 2010 available at:  http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ar09/financialstatements/groupincome.shtml Financial statements Retrieved 20th Nov, 2010 available at:  http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ar09/financialstatements/ Edwards, J.R., Mellett, H.J. (1989) Introduction to Accounting. 1st edition.: St Edmunds bury press.pp.283-310. Income statement Retrieved 20th Nov, 2010 Available at:  http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/ar09/financialstatements/groupincome.shtml Meigs, R.F., Williams, J.R., Haka, S.R., Bettner, M.S. (199) Accounting: The basis for business Decision.11th edition.USA:Von Hoffmann Press.pp613-630. Davies, T. Boczko, T(2005) Business Accounting and finance. 2nd edition.uk: McGraw-Hill education. Pp.154-177.

Free Shakespeares Hamlet Essays: Gertrude and Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Gertrude and Hamlet  Ã‚   Hamlet's behavior is often explained using Freud's theory of sexual behavior; however  the symptoms of bipolar disease explain Hamlet's behavior. Bipolar disease is defined as: "This disease causes symptoms like mood swings with periods of both depression and mania. They have consequent changes in thinking and behavior. Bipolar means the sharing of two poles, or high and low, having to do with mood."(2)   Ã‚  Ã‚   " Hamlet's behavior throughout the play was extremely physical, excessive talkativeness, destructiveness and sometimes grandiosity. These mood characteristics are the effects of bipolar disease." (1) Hamlet is extremely physical in his dealings with Ophelia and Gertrude. His excessive talkativeness is most evident in his soliloquies and his dialogue with his mother. His destructiveness is obvious in his conversation with the ghost; his grandiosity in his sarcasm towards Polonius. Incredibly, Bipolar disease describes Hamlet's behavior very accurately.    When Hamlet’s father was murdered by Claudius, difficulties arose between Hamlet and Gertrude to cope with one another. Hamlet got angry with his mother for remarrying Claudius, his father’s murderer, that he decides to be more rough towards her, simply to gain control over her.   Ã‚   When Hamlet grew up with his father and his mother, they grew up with a disorder known as Bipolar disease. "This is a disease where you think delusional, since it was inherited, passed on from parent to child, Gertrude’s marriage and Hamlet’s reaction to it, could have been the effects of this symptom. Hamlet’s father was "an enabler" who had made it possible for them to function, but now that his father is dead, they found it tough to cope with each other, as the family they once had."(1)   Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet became angry for a reason, which was to try to get attention from his mother. This attention came in a sexual form, as shown when he kissed her and when he groped her. With this new bond, he tried to gain further control over his mother, to try and abolish the marriage between her and Claudius. Two quotes to support this are: Queen: "Nay then, I’ll set those to you that can speak." (III;iv) Hamlet: "Come, come, and sit you down; you shall not budge." (III;iv)   Ã‚  Ã‚   This occurs when he tells Gertrude she can’t move, therefore he shows to the viewers he has power over what she says and does. If he cared, he would let her function as she wanted to, and he would support her decision.

Pro-War Characters with an Anti-War Message Essay -- Literary Analysis

In the first chapter of Slaughterhouse-Five, the narrator goes to meet an old war friend, Bernard V. O’Hare, who served with him in World War II and was also witness to the bombing of Dresden. The narrator, having attempted to write a novel based on his experiences during that time for many years, was hoping that, between the two of them, they could come up with some good war stories to incorporate into his novel. After many failed attempts to find something of substance upon which to base his novel, both men failed, for â€Å"there is nothing intelligent to say about a massacre† (19). Instead, the most important thing anyone came up with that evening was one who hadn’t even served in the war. Mary O’Hare, Bernard’s wife, was opposed to war, â€Å"it was war that made her so angry†, and feared that, through the narrator’s story, he would make war â€Å"look just wonderful, so we’ll have a lot more of them† (15, 14). Upon hearing Mary’s outburst, the narrator promised her â€Å"there wouldn’t be a part for Frank Sinatra or John Wayne† in his telling of his experiences during war (15). Instead, the narrator pledged that he would title his novel â€Å"The Children’s Crusade†, which Slaughterhouse-Five is subtitled, and dedicated the novel to her. While Slaughterhouse-Five may not have any characters Sinatra or Wayne would be suited to play, it does contain many characters that hold pro-war views. In many ways, the narrator’s honest portrayal of characters who view war in a positive manner or who attempt to justify the bombing of Dresden works against them. The narrator, for the most part, doesn’t attempt to rebuke or criticize these views, but instead represents them in all their unflinching honesty. By highlighting the inhumanity and cruelty of these char... ...more sympathetic than Eaker to those who lost their lives in the Dresden bombing. Saundy believed â€Å"that the bombing of Dresden was a great tragedy none can deny†, and that it wasn’t necessary to the Allies efforts to win the War (187). However, he does defend those who directed the bombing, stating they â€Å"were neither wicked nor cruel†, but instead forced into making a tough decision in a decisive time in the War (187). Saundy presents a much more humane view of the bombing of Dresden than Eaker. Saundy doesn’t attempt to justify or condemn the bombing; he instead portrays it as one of the many horrors of war that can only be viewed in hindsight as such. These official assessments offer the observation that â€Å"military men responsible for such slaughters act not out of malignity but from muddled values which prevent them from seeing simpler moral truths† (Reed, 54).

Contrast of the Modern American and British House :: essays papers

Contrast of the Modern American and British House Modern American and British houses may appear similar from the outside, just as an American may appear similar to an Englishman. One cannot judge a house by its faà §ade, however, and beneath the surface, two altogether different design paradigms exist. The American house is a sprawling retreat that is designed for comfortable living. Compact and efficient, the British house embodies a conservative lifestyle. The two also differ in the amenities they offer. The modern American house overflows with built-in features; the modern British house is sparse in comparison. They are even constructed with dissimilar materials and techniques. Although modern American and British houses can appear similar, they differ significantly in the amenities they offer, their size, and in the way they are constructed. The modern British house typically has fewer amenities than that of its American counterpart. In the bedroom, walk-in closets organize the American's ensemble and accommodate his shoe collection. Conversely, the Englishman uses a pine wardrobe, possibly a family heirloom, which moves with him from home to home. In the American bathroom, a shower is a standard feature that is quite uncommon in the British home. When one is installed, the British shower is a point of significant difference as well. The pressurized American shower is powerful, and leaves one with a feeling of invigoration. The gravity fed British shower, however, is hardly capable of developing enough power to leave one with a feeling of satisfaction. In the modern American kitchen, one is certain to find a dishwasher. In the British kitchen, a dishwasher is the exception, not the rule. Americans also consider most kitchen appliances to be a part of the house. The Englishman holds a different view. It is not unusual for him to take the stove, refrigerator, or even the kitchen cupboards when moving to a new home. The modern British house lacks many amenities that Americans consider basic. It also offers less living space than the modern American house. The grand American house is designed for comfort, whereas the conservative British house is designed for efficiency. These contrasting design approaches yield houses that differ immensely in the amount of living space they offer. American houses have "mud" rooms, laundry rooms, dining rooms, formal living rooms, and family rooms. British houses converge and integrate these functional areas into their common rooms. The hall, or the "reception," is the "mud room." The kitchen is the laundry room and the dining area. Contrast of the Modern American and British House :: essays papers Contrast of the Modern American and British House Modern American and British houses may appear similar from the outside, just as an American may appear similar to an Englishman. One cannot judge a house by its faà §ade, however, and beneath the surface, two altogether different design paradigms exist. The American house is a sprawling retreat that is designed for comfortable living. Compact and efficient, the British house embodies a conservative lifestyle. The two also differ in the amenities they offer. The modern American house overflows with built-in features; the modern British house is sparse in comparison. They are even constructed with dissimilar materials and techniques. Although modern American and British houses can appear similar, they differ significantly in the amenities they offer, their size, and in the way they are constructed. The modern British house typically has fewer amenities than that of its American counterpart. In the bedroom, walk-in closets organize the American's ensemble and accommodate his shoe collection. Conversely, the Englishman uses a pine wardrobe, possibly a family heirloom, which moves with him from home to home. In the American bathroom, a shower is a standard feature that is quite uncommon in the British home. When one is installed, the British shower is a point of significant difference as well. The pressurized American shower is powerful, and leaves one with a feeling of invigoration. The gravity fed British shower, however, is hardly capable of developing enough power to leave one with a feeling of satisfaction. In the modern American kitchen, one is certain to find a dishwasher. In the British kitchen, a dishwasher is the exception, not the rule. Americans also consider most kitchen appliances to be a part of the house. The Englishman holds a different view. It is not unusual for him to take the stove, refrigerator, or even the kitchen cupboards when moving to a new home. The modern British house lacks many amenities that Americans consider basic. It also offers less living space than the modern American house. The grand American house is designed for comfort, whereas the conservative British house is designed for efficiency. These contrasting design approaches yield houses that differ immensely in the amount of living space they offer. American houses have "mud" rooms, laundry rooms, dining rooms, formal living rooms, and family rooms. British houses converge and integrate these functional areas into their common rooms. The hall, or the "reception," is the "mud room." The kitchen is the laundry room and the dining area.

NSTP or National Service Training Program Essay

â€Å"The purpose of life is not to be happy. It is to be useful, to be honorable, to be compassionate, to have it make some difference that you have lived and lived well.† – Ralph Waldo Emerson. NSTP or National Service Training Program for me has become more than just a required two-semester course for me to graduate. It taught me life lessons that cannot be learned inside the four walls of our classroom. It taught how I can serve my country in my own little way. It taught me that in helping others, no matter how small we think it may be, could make a big difference and impact to other people. To be honest, I chose LTS or Literacy Training Service as my NSTP course just for the sake of choosing. As months passed by, I unexpectedly start to love LTS. I learned the basics in first-aid and disaster risk reduction management. We went to a school in Samal Bataan for two Saturdays for our fieldwork. There I met a lot of grade six students which I immediately became friends with. We prepared art work projects, science experiments, played charades for their enjoyment while at the same time making sure that they are learning from the activities. We were assigned to review them for the upcoming National Achievement Test. I was assigned to two students which I admit was pretty challenging at first because I am a shy person and I am not really patient when it comes to teaching others so having to teach two grade six students was really hard for me. It definitely made me step out of my comfort zone. I was pretty sad after our field work because I was already attached to my two students. So before we parted ways, we gave each other a little something so that we would not forget each other and promised to meet again someday. Over-all, LTS taught me three things: patience, deeper appreciation in life, and valuing education more. First, I learned how to be patient in terms of teaching my students. They have different personalities so I have to extend my patience and be more flexible when it comes to teaching them. Second is deeper appreciation in life. I realized that I am more than blessed because I get to study in a good university while others are struggling hard financially just to attend school every day. I also learned to value education more.

In close analysis of Nick’s character discuss whether he is Offreds saviour or her down fall

Offred changes people names to hide their true identity for many people like Luke she uses bible names, Mathas are another example of this. However, there is one exception to this and that is Nick, which is another name for the devil. Due to the new Gilead system Offred has lost Luke who was a huge part of her life. She had no one to talk to she felt isolated her only need that was being fulfilled was sex but without touching â€Å"nobody dies from lack of sex its lack of love we die from.† Then all of a sudden her knight in shinning armour came into her life and changed everything round her he released her. He is the romantic element and the human factor that she can relate to the stuff that all good fairy tales are made from. Nick is the driver for the commander and lives in a room above the garage by himself. He has a French face, lean with all the angles and â€Å"creases around his mouth where he smiles.† He dresses in dark clothes so if she wants to fantasise about him she can, tall, dark and handsome. Nick is mysterious to us at first as we did not know if he an eye or not he wears the uniform of the Guardians but his â€Å"cap is tilted at a jaunty angle and his sleeves are rolled to the elbow.† This suggests that he is rebellious and likes defying the system â€Å"he has a cigarette stuck in the corner of his mouth.† He does not fit into the Gilead system and is a dangerous character to Offred due to his manner. When they first meet there is an instant attraction between the two. He winks at her in the window, he touches her foot when they are praying when she moves it away to see if it was an accident he does it again he has a bit of fun. Despite this he takes unnecessary risks when he doesn't even know her â€Å"He's just taken a risk, but for what?† and taking such risks could be the downfall to Offred â€Å"He begins to whistle. Then he winks.† The penalty for these notions is too extreme to be taking any chances and even little things such as winking and touching could result in her being sent to the colonies. They just aren't worth it. When they both meet illegally at night unintentionally they kiss and give into there urges but then push each other away again. This is the start of their relationship and they keep going back to each other after Serena-joy arranged for them to spend the night together. The first time was mainly business but she kept going back it was something to live for and someone to live. She wanted to be touched so badly â€Å"we make love not sex† and there is a clear line between these two. The situation is very dangerous for them both which makes it more exciting and increases the strong sexual attraction between them. Things are further complicated by Offreds feelings for Luke. She didn't consider her relationship with the commander as betraying Luke but she does her relationship with Nick she wanted it to happen. She keeps going back but if he really cared about her then he would stop it because he wouldn't want her to get caught. But he keeps doing it and doing it he keeps tempting her. Offred puts a lot of trust in him at an early stage she tells him her real name, which he uses to his advantage towards the end when he comes and rescues her. This shows a sign of trust . Nick is also very jealous when the commander and Offred are together he gets he spies on her. If this jealousy develops you don't the consequences he could kill her or turn her in. It could have developed like this. In conclusion Nick saves her because he takes her away at the end. He also releases her from the pressure and tension of Gilead. He tries to make everything feel as normal as possible the way it used to be by having a relationship the sneaking around is like a stimulant but Offred should be used to it due to her affair with Luke. He also gets her pregnant which means that even if he didn't save her at the end it meant that she wouldn't have to go to the colonies. However, he does take huge risks, which would mean that he is endangering his and her life for cheap thrills such as winking and touching her foot.

Many of the characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’ have dreams Essay

Many of the characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’ have dreams. What are their dreams and how near are any of them to achieving what they want? ‘Of Mice and Men’, written by John Steinbeck is a classic novel set in a ranch town in Salinas Valley, California. The novel may have been set here as a result of most of Steinbeck’s childhood being spent on his father’s farmland. His descriptions of the setting will have been aided by his first hand experience of the ranches of the area. The novel itself documents the lives of Lennie Small and George Milton. With Lennie being mentally challenged he has the psychological capabilities of a five year old. This means he has to be cared for by George because he acts childish and irresponsibly. For this reason, he often causes commotion within the ranch he is working. On many occasions disruption has occurred and occurs, George and Lennie are forced to leave their current ranch and start again at a new one. As they are always moving around, they never have a secure job and are always staying in temporary accommodation. With each time they move to a different ranch they dream more and more of having their own piece of land where they can be their own bosses and live off the crops they grow. This is shown by this quote, â€Å"†¦and we can live off the fatta the lan'† said by George. This is only one of the many dreams that feature in ‘Of Mice and Men’, however not one of the dreams featured in this novel are achieved. This reflected the harsh reality of the ‘Great Depression’ and the racial prejudice in society at the time. Steinbeck set ‘Of Mice and Men’ during the ‘Great Depression’, in the late 1920’s and the 1930’s. Many migrants came to California, from other parts of the world looking for work as America was seen as the ‘Land of Opportunity’. This glimpse of hope inspired many Europeans to emigrate as Europe, at the time, was overcrowded and disease ridden. America was believed to provide cheap land and no rigid class structure existed. These characteristics gave Europeans the chance of a completely different way of life to what they were used to. In 1929, America entered a prolonged period of economic deprivation due to the collapse of the New York stock exchange, ‘The Wall Street Crash’. Following ‘The Wall Street Crash’, many Americans who had invested great deals of money into stocks and shares lost almost all of their investments. In some cases, people would have lost their houses and life savings. During ‘The Great Depression’, failed businesses and long-term unemployment were of the norm. The hopes of those immigrants, who came to America looking for a new life, were dashed by this tragic event. America was certainly not the ‘Land of Opportunity’. George and Lennie travelled from ranch to ranch together. This was unusual as most ranch workers would only usually work at one ranch for no longer than a month or two. They would literally not have the time for friendship. This was one of the reasons that the average workers dream was for some sort of companionship. The fact that George and Lennie had travelled together so long is significant as they lived the dream of so many other workers. It would give them the chance of having an alternative dream, one of owning their own land on which they could live off. When travelling from ranch to ranch workers could not carry many possessions and so had nothing to show for their years of working. They would work and work but not really achieve much. They would spend the money they earned and then earn some more and repeat. This is illustrated in the quote, â€Å"..work up a stake and blow the stake†. A dream would be important as it would give a worker something to work towards instead of working with no real direction in their life. Many of the characters in the novel have dreams. The dream is a form of escape from reality of life. As previously stated, George and Lennie’s dream is to have a piece of land that they can call their own, tend it, grow crops and raise animals. However, Lennie specifically dreams of caring for rabbits. This shows his immaturity. He says, â€Å"†¦An’ have rabbits!† George is always repeating this ‘dream’ to Lennie. When he does depict the dream to Lennie, he uses exaggerative language and gets involved in the dream almost as much as Lennie. Both George and Lennie become excited when the dream is recalled. They swear, â€Å"†¦We’ll just say the hell with going to work†¦Ã¢â‚¬  , animating their eagerness to fulfil their dream. George and Lennie’s dream eventually fails. This is for a number of reasons. It is mainly because Lennie is such a burden to George. Because of Lennie’s mental incapability, he has no idea that he is making George’s life miserable. George says, â€Å"Course Lennie’s a God damn nuisance most of the time, but you get used to goin’ around with a guy an’ you can’t get rid of him† George is being held back by Lennie as they are constantly forced to change jobs, because of situations the Lennie gets them in to and therefore they can’t stay in work long enough to build up any sort of savings. The result of this is that they can not save up the money to achieve the ‘dream’. Lennie has limited social skills and so does not know how to interact with people. Instead, he finds comfort in touching things and is too tactile. This causes trouble as Lennie often touches women’s clothes and is misunderstood and seen to be abusive. For this reason, George has to keep a constant eye on Lennie. When Candy makes the proposal of entering their ‘dream’ in exchange for three hundred dollars, George suddenly sees some possibility of the ‘dream’ succeeding. Before, he had merely used the ‘dream’ as a pacifier for Lennie and had lulled himself into believing that it may happen so that he could continue bringing hope to Lennie. I think that sub-consciously he always knew that the ‘dream’ would never be a reality. With Candy’s financial input, the ‘dream’ could realistically be achieved within the month. However, an abrupt end to their hopes arrives. Lennie, in his childlike way, cannot conceive of the line where stroking stops and hurting begins in terms of petting, and he ends up accidently killing two animals by petting them violently. Most horrifically, at the climax of the story, he kills Curly’s wife in the same way. The fact that he killed her was the final blow to the ‘dream’. â€Å"I think I knowed from the very first. I think I knowed we’d never do her†, George says as he realizes the dream is inevitable. Lennie was inevitably going to be hunted down and shot on site. George, who is forced to join the manhunt for Lennie, decides that the kindest way out for both him and Lennie is to kill him when he finds him. He does this by luring Lennie into a false state of trust by reciting their ‘dream’ to him one last time. This sends Lennie off into death with his dream in his head. You can argue in some way Lennie has achieved his dream. Curly’s wife has a dream common to the period and today. She believes that she has the talent to become a Hollywood actress. She was convinced of this as when she was younger; she acquainted herself with a Hollywood director who deemed her suitable to be an actress in the ‘movies’. This is shown in a quote taken from a passage spoken by Curly’s wife, â€Å"An’ I coulda sat in them big hotels, an’ had pitchers took of me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..An’ all them nice clothes they wear. Because this guy said I was a natural.† This ‘guy’ told her she would receive a letter from him explaining where to meet to develop her acting career. Her explanation of why she didn’t become an actress is idealistic at best. She believed that her mother stole that letter. However, this is an optimistic justification. It just so happens that shortly after Curley’s wife was given the hope of becoming an actress, she met Curley. When she realised that her dream of becoming an actress was truly over, she decided to marry Curley. She may have done this as, at the time, it was very difficult for a woman to get a job and live on her own. The main profession of women then was housewife. Most women would marry a modest worker but marrying a rich man who owned a ranch was a bonus. Life would be easy for Curley’s wife as she would not have to ‘lift a finger’. As there was such discrimination towards women, Curley’s wife found herself being ignored by the men on the ranch. She was not paid much attention by Curley and was seen by him as more of a trophy than a wife. These are the main reasons that Curley’s wife is not happy. She openly expresses that she does not even love Curley. â€Å"I don’t like Curley†. She regrets that she married him in the first place. She was not able to speak to anyone during the day as all of the men were out on the fields working. This causes her to be extremely lonely. At any chance she can she will speak to someone. When she speaks to Lennie in the barn, she says, â€Å"Why can’t I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely.† This shows that she craves friendship. She is often prying on the men just looking for someone to talk to. She justifies this by saying to Slim â€Å"Hi, good lookin’. I’m tryin’ to find Curley, Slim.† The fact that she does not even have a name and is instead referred to as Curley’s wife shows her status on the ranch. It shows that she is so insignificant that she is not even deemed important enough to warrant a real name. She is looked down on and shown no respect by most of the men on the ranch. She also has the dream to be treated as equal to the men on the ranch. This is similar to Crooks’ dream. He just wants to be accepted by everyone else on the ranch. However, both Crooks and Curley’s wife have similar dreams which would lead you to think that they would sympathise with each other. The reality is quite opposite. Curley’s wife approaches Crooks in an aggressive manor and speaks to him in a demoralising way. She says, â€Å"Well you keep your place, then Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny!† She perhaps speaks to Crooks with no respect as he is the only person on the ranch over whom she has a higher status. Crooks and Candy try to enter George and Lennie’s dream. They both do this for their own reasons. Candy is worried about his future on the ranch. He believes that is nearing the point of becoming useless to the ranch owner. He needs some security so that when he does become of no use, he can settle down somewhere. Crooks feels socially isolated and needs to go somewhere that he will be treated as an equal. George, Lennie and Candy do not discriminate against Crooks as much as most. This is the reason that he would feel comfortable living in a house with them. Candy, when he enters the dream, provides financial power. He has three hundred dollars that he is willing to invest in the dream. When he first tries to join the dream, George responds in a negative and coy way. He says â€Å"You know a place like that?† [Candy] â€Å"S’pose I do? What’s that to you?† [George]. However, when George considers Candy’s proposition, he starts to think that the dream may actually become a reality. Candy is afraid that if he does not get somewhere that he can retire to, he may have no one to care for him. Eventually he will be seen of no use and disposed of, much like his dog. Crooks joins the dream as he feels he needs a ‘shelter from society’, somewhere that he is accepted for the person that he is and not judged by his skin colour or his disability. Crooks has no status and is treated with no respect on the ranch. He is frustrated with all of the racism directed towards him. He says, â€Å"If I say something, why, it’s just a nigger saying it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Crooks had a taste of equality when he was a child. He was accepted by white children and has perhaps not accepted the fact that he is now a social outcast. He says,† The white kids come to play at our place, an’ sometimes I went to play with them, and some of them was pretty nice† He remembers what it was like to be an equal and wants to experience that feeling again. This is one of the reasons the Crooks joins the dream. Candy will soon be too old and frail to keep his job at the ranch. The fact that he only has one hand means that his job opportunities are very limited. He, much like Crooks, has no one in his life. He just watches workers come and go from the ranch. He would have somewhere to belong if he joined the dream. This is a very important psychologically as having a ‘place to call home’ can give Candy a reason to carry on living. All of these characters have dreams and their dreams are important to them. They all give their character some sort of goal to aim for and a ‘light at the end of the tunnel’. I believe Steinbeck is trying to make a point by including all of these dreams. I think he is trying to say that without dreams, we are all lost in our lives. We all need some sort of dream to keep us motivated. I think the novel was written to show the stranglehold that the ‘Great Depression’ had on America in the 1930’s. It also shows how hard the life of an itinerant worker was. ‘Of Mice and Men’ was very a descriptive and informative book. It made me realise that dreams, however small or big, are vital in life.

Problems Facing India Today – Overpopulation, Illiteracy, Corruption

India is one of the poorest countries in the world. The poverty in India isn't just psycological poverty. The poverty in India isn't just emotional poverty. The poverty in India isn't just social poverty. The poverty in India isn't just religious and cultural poverty. The poverty in India is an absolute poverty. The poverty in India involves poverty in every aspect of life. We all knew India is a very poor country although not so many of us knew how extreme the poverty level was in India. Now it is very clear how extreme poverty is in India. Now it is very clear how poor some Indians are. Now it is very clear how people continue to die from absolute poverty and hunger in India despite numerous efforts to help fight poverty in the world. A new multidimensional poverty Index shows that India is far poorer than Africa in both intensity and in number. The Multidimensional Poverty Index developed by Oxford University (which will appear in the upcoming UNDP human development report) shows that India is far poorer than Africa not just in number but also in intensity. The new poverty measure shows that 8 states out of the 29 states in India have more poor people than 26 poorest African countries combined. The Multidimensional poverty index views poverty from several different angles instead of just GDP figures. India like any other developing country is crippled by so many problems. For example, India's population growth rate is increasing by the day putting pressure on the limited resources and leaving many Indians in absolute poverty. India is very poor in terms of education, in terms of economic improvement, infrastructure, heath care, etc. Here are some of the problems facing India today. In today's India, there is nothing but: 1. HIGH INFLATION RATES. Fueled by rising wages, property prices and food prices inflation in India is an increasing problem. Inflation is currently between 6-7%. A record 98% of Indian firms report operating close to full capacity (2)With economic growth of 9. 2% per anum inflationary pressures are likely to increase, especially with supply side constraints such as infrastructure. The wholesale-price index (WPI), rose to an annual 6. 6% in January 2007 (1) 2. POOR GIRL CHILD EDUCATION Although India has benefited from a high % of English speakers. (important for call centre industry) there is still high levels of illiteracy amongst the population. It is worse in rural areas and amongst women. Over 50% of Indian women are illiterates 3. POOR INFRASTRUCTURE Many Indians lack basic amenities lack access to running water. Indian public services are creaking under the strain of bureaucracy and inefficiency. Over 40% of Indian fruit rots before it reaches the market; this is one example of the supply constraints and inefficiency’s facing the Indian economy. 4. BALANCE OF PAYMENT DETERIORATION Although India has built up large amounts of foreign currency reserves the current account deficit has deteriorate in recent months. This deterioration is a result of the overheating of the economy. Aggregate Supply cannot meet Aggregate demand so consumers are sucking in imports. Excluding workers remittances India’s current account deficit is approaching 5% of GDP . HIGH LEVELS OF DEBTS Buoyed by a property boom the amount of lending in India has grown by 30% in the past year. However there are concerns about the risk of such loans. If they are dependent on rising property prices it could be problematic. Furthermore if inflation increases further it may force the RBI to increase interest rates. If interest rates rise substantially it will leave those indebted facing rising interest p ayments and potentially reducing consumer spending in the future 6. INEQUALITY HAS RISEN It is hoped that economic growth would help drag the Indian poor above the poverty line. However so far economic growth has been highly uneven benefiting the skilled and wealthy disproportionately. Many of India’s rural poor are yet to receive any tangible benefit from the India’s economic growth. More than 78 million homes do not have electricity. 33% (268million) of the population live on less than $1 per day. Furthermore with the spread of television in Indian villages the poor are increasingly aware of the disparity between rich and poor. . LARGE BUDGET DEFICIT. India has one of the largest budget deficits in the developing world. Excluding subsidies it amounts to nearly 8% of GDP. Although it is fallen a little in the past year. It still allows little scope for increasing investment in public services like health and education. 8. RIGID LABOR LAWS As an example Firms employing more than 100 people cannot fire workers without government permission. The effect of thi s is to discourage firms from expanding to over 100 people. It also discourages foreign investment. Trades Unions have an important political power base and governments often shy away from tackling potentially politically sensitive labor laws. These are just a few of the problems facing India today. Life in India is nothing but absolute poverty with little hope of survival in the near future. Good education is the key to economic improvement yet India is lacking this essential key in terms of education and hence in terms of economic improvement. what do you think? what are some of the problems facing India today? How can India overcome some of these problems? Who is responsible and who is to be blamed?

Cubas Importance in Global Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cubas Importance in Global Marketing - Essay Example In so doing, the role of a country like Cuba in global marketing cannot be overlooked. Cuba, a Caribbean country, qualifies for use as a marketing strategy in the global arena. Cuban products hold special allure in the global context, but this potential is limited by the embargo United States has against Cuba. The limited participation of Cuba in international trade has left millions of consumers across the globe yearning for her locally produced goods. From rum to cigars to coffee, Cuba significantly challenges the United States when it comes to global marketing. Given the limited presence of Cuba in international trade, both domestic and international firms have opted to use Cuba as a strategic factor in global marketing. In other words, Cuba drives global marketing both locally and internationally; especially in the United States context. The U.S-Cuba business factor continues to experience trademark wars. Legal processes are never ending filed from both sides; American and Cuban sides. This has further heightened consumer attention and concern towards Cuba. It appears that the more U.S and Cuban firms engage in trademark wars, the more influenced the consumers get in favor of Cuba. As a result, marketers have moved swiftly to exploit emerging opportunities. Essentially, global marketing has to embrace global diversity and dynamism, aspects that Cuban business fosters. Domestic and international consumers are highly influenced by product uniqueness. Where quality is met, needs are satisfied, and tastes and preferences are accounted for, consumers will go an extra mile to ensure that they manifest their business zeal. This is the case as far as Cuba is concerned in the global marketing context. The Cuban products issue has been highly politicized both at home and away; in the United States.

Marvin v. Marvin Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marvin v. Marvin - Case Study Example The case between Martin v Martin highlights the challenges that marriage couples face. The case was determined in 1976 with the outcome serving as reference point in the US because of the relevance. The case involved two individuals in a non-marital relationship enforced through oral agreement. The couples made several agreements concerning their economic and social status. According to the case, the couples lived and made significant wealth and resources jointly. They had an agreement to share the acquired property and other belongings equally upon dissolution of the union. In 1971, the defendant withdrew the support he accorded the wife and called for the dissolution of marriage. The complainant launched a suit to enforce the agreement that they entered into prior to their dissolution. The complainant told the court that they entered into an oral agreement to work and share the property equally upon dissolution of their relationship (Laskin & Niff, 2010). The court heard the case and determined that individuals in any form of marriage whether implied or express have the right to claim their share. The court found that the complainant’s issues were valid and subjected the defendant to fulfill the agreement. The court stated that couples in non-marital relationships have the right to launch legitimate claims for property based on express or implied marriage contracts. The case gave a clear direction that sought to ensure fairness and equality between couples upon marriage dissolution. Living together contracts involve gay and non-gay couples who form relationship are either formal or non-formal. These non-marital contracts pose several complications when it comes to sharing property upon dissolution of the marriage. The contracts threaten to erode the moral and cultural practices of various societies. As noted by Strong, DeVault & Cohen (2011) these marriages disobey the moral standards that

Toyota Motor Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toyota Motor Corporation - Essay Example There are huge risks, however, in establishing production bases in emerging markets particularly in China. Sino-Japanese relations are now at a low point due to the increasing assertiveness of the former in its sovereignty claim of a string of islands that the later now possesses. This string of islands, known as Diaoyu to the Chinese and Senkakku to the Japanese, has been the flashpoint of national sentiment especially when Tokyo purchased the islands from its private Japanese owners. Ever since the purchase, several Japanese establishments and even diplomats have been under threat by Chinese activists leading to shutdowns. Nationalistic sentiment has risen to the point that boycotts of Japanese products have been called upon. Warships and jet fighters have also been recently deployed underlining the turmoil between the two nations (Gao, 2013).There are also threats of regulatory requirements requiring companies to reveal industry secrets, especially technological innovations. The W all Street Journal, for example, reported that Chinese authorities are contemplating about requiring foreign companies to register all information on their products before they can operate in the country (Alexander, 2010). Cases have also been filed against local Chinese manufacturers alleging that they have copied designs of certain models. In the worst case, nationalization of Toyota’s assets in China can happen as Chinese history provides several examples, especially during its communist transformation.... This string of islands, known as Diaoyu to the Chinese and Senkakku to the Japanese, has been the flashpoint of national sentiment especially when Tokyo purchased the islands from its private Japanese owners. Ever since the purchase, several Japanese establishments and even diplomats have been under threat by Chinese activists leading to shutdowns. Nationalistic sentiment has risen to the point that boycotts of Japanese products have been called upon. Warships and jet fighters have also been recently deployed underlining the turmoil between the two nations (Gao, 2013). There are also threats of regulatory requirements requiring companies to reveal industry secrets especially technological innovations. The Wall Street Journal, for example, reported that Chinese authorities are contemplating about requiring foreign companies to register all information on their products before they can operate in the country (Alexander, 2010). Cases have also been filed against local Chinese manufactur ers alleging that they have copied designs of certain models. In the worst case, nationalization of Toyota’s assets in China can happen as Chinese history provides several examples especially during its communist transformation. The wounds of World War 2 is being brought up to the front with China and South Korea declaring that Japan has not fully addressed issues of war crimes especially the use of their women as sex slaves of Japanese soldiers (Reuters,2012). Hence, while emerging markets present tremendous opportunity for sales and lower production costs, the current political and social situation can present losses to the company. Careful consideration of current events should be conducted in light of the territorial dispute between the two countries. Toyota does not enjoy the

Research Methodologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Methodologies - Essay Example The fundamental research aim around the proposal is to identify the major social and psychological challenges faced by adult ESL learners and how they come with these challenges. The study is meant to combine qualitative and quantitative research approaches in order to conduct an ontological and epistemological research. The qualitative section of the research will involve an attempt to identify the main challenges and issues that come with studying as an adult in an ESL programme. This will be done through the use of questionnaires, surveys and other activities to qualitatively provide some kind of insight into the main issues and problems that these persons encounter in their quest to learn English. The quantitative process will seek to gather data about the age and cultural background of learners and their performance. This will provide averages or regression as well as the correlation between learner backgrounds and their performance in the studying of English as ESL students. The study will include the collection of data from various students in the classroom who can be classified as â€Å"adults†. These individuals will be studied and the findings will be evaluated in the context of generalisability and this will form the basis for theorisation of findings. Learning is done through conceptual and linguistic constructions that describe social and cultural matters and systems (Hodkinson & MacLeod, 2010). This is because research and learning are two interrelated matters. Hence, they work together to provide concepts and theories in an appropriate framework. From the studies, qualitative research methods often comes with major problems and issues relating to bias and this causes conclusions to come under the shadow of the researcher’s opinion. Hence, the qualitative element and aspect of the research proposal being handled in this study might be influenced significantly by the subjective sentiments of the researcher.

Statement of the Problem for my dissertation Research Paper

Statement of the Problem for my dissertation - Research Paper Example A number of research studies about the RET programs have shown variations in changes and radical improvements relating to the teachers. There is some form of agreement that RET programs are excellent for the instructors as it broadens the intellect during study and empowers the teachers with sufficient acquaintance on how to work on research. The NGSS practices have been established to be the best to educators and students since they enhance learning through students’ engagements such as enabling them to vigorously explore the scientific knowledge. This knowledge is supposed to be acquired in class by practicing actual scientific or engineering research (NGSS Lead States, 2013). Most of the findings put forward that science teachers are required to go through comprehensive assessment to establish if they have embraced research as an imperative factor that improves their teaching practices. (Musante, 2006). Background on RET programs What are RET programs? In the course of RET programs teachers discover the way scientists do research in STEM fields. In addition, teachers play a role in the environment of scientific research (Grove, Dixon, Pop, 2009, Ononye et al., 2007). RET programs more often than not distribute teachers in research laboratories for a period that ranges from six weeks to two months to make possible their participation in scientific research in the true world (Pop, Dixon & Grove, 2010). The (STEM) fields as well as faculty of computer science and engineering in colleges to make information and acquaintance associated to these fields accessible to students. Features of RET programs Teacher participation in the RET program is very important in terms of teachers’ knowledge and scientific research. Research Experiences for Teacher (RET) has stirred up professional development amongst teachers and students themselves. In effect, it has improved the teaching and learning practices in classroom. RET programs vary considerably depending o n the specialization of the teachers. Moreover, other research methods such as discussions, observations and interviews are geared toward improving the understanding of scientific research practice while some focus on basic skills of solutions for mathematical and scientific problems (Schulte, 2009). Research on RETs As in every profession, research and experience still remain a fundamental characteristic in the field of education. Research in this case comprises the knowledge and skills bestowed by observation and proceedings gained by exploring a given aspect. Most of the findings suggest that science teachers are required to go through comprehensive assessment to determine if they have embraced research as an important factor that improves their teaching practices. This is because most teachers are conversant with class tests in contrast to research practices, which are perceived to expose them to many skills needed during actual professional exploration (Goreham, 2010). Effects on teacher’ practice Several studies have shown that teachers who used an online support system are at an advantage of translating their research experience into their own classroom teaching after participating in the RET (Hardre, Nanny, Refai, & Slater, 2010). It is worth noting; however, after the teachers had research