The Use Of Non Human Tests Subjects For Experimentation...

Definition Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human test subjects for experimentation and research studies (2). This definition is very broad because it is used in numerous fields such as drug testing, brain functionality, effects of food additives, pesticides, DNA modification, xenotransplantation, cosmetic testing, cancer research, AIDs research and many more. Overall, animal testing is a professional conflict, but it can also be considered as a personal conflict whether or not you believe it is right to test on any animal for the sake of science. Types of animals (Consciousness) Because one species is more clever than another, does it give it the right to imprison or torture the less clever†¦show more content†¦This is done so researchers know the exact genes or traits that the animal being tested is exhibiting so they can control the number of possible variables that can affect their their results. In the past, dealers were licensed by the USDA to sell animals from â€Å"random sources† including animal shelters, â€Å"free to a good home† ads, stolen pets and some were taken completely from the wild. This is a much less common practice because it includes variety in your animals which could skew the researcher’s results and it is frowned upon. (Source?) However, the question remains whether it is ethical to perform research on animals that exhibit some form of consciousness. Consciousness is a very vague term and has been defined as many terms such as sentience, awareness of itself within its surroundings, subjectivity, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind and many more vague definitions(3). It has been known through thousands of experiments that animals from a wide range of species can exhibit emotions such as happiness, jealousy, grief, and stress(4). The first animal to ever ask an existential question was a Grey African Parrot by the name of Alex. The question he asked the trainer was â€Å"What color am I?† and learned the meaning of grey after being told. Alex was studied by a behavioral psychologist from the late 70’s to the early 2000’s. He was

Role Of Family In Beloved Novel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 568 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beloved Essay Did you like this example? Family means everything to many of the characters in our novel. Both biological and chosen familial relationships are incredibly important to the characters and create both a source of happiness and deep sorrow. Family can be seen as something that creates strength, that builds a community and fosters a sense of confidence and belonging. At the same time, a familial bond can be abused and used to hurt someone. Watching ones family suffer often hurts more than your own suffering, and our characters show this in so many ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The clearest way in which we see family hurt someone is when Halle has to silently watch the beating and violation of his wife Sethe. When the schoolteachers nephews attack his wife Halle completely loses it. He is frozen in horror and afterward loses his mind. This trauma that he did not physically experience, emotionally and mentally ruined him. When he is later found, hes covered in butter clearly insane. Not only did this attack brutalize Sethe, but her loved one as well. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of Family In Beloved Novel" essay for you Create order   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the more important symbols in the novel is the symbolism behind naming people. A character such as Sethes first daughter, is given no name throughout the reading other than Beloved, symbolizing the fact that she has been all but erased in the mind of Sethe. A character like Schoolteacher, however, is given an unhuman name, he becomes so much less than a person, just a job. This radiates with his cruel unforgiving nature and brutality, he is not seen as a person who can feel or empathize, just as a man set out to violently do his job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another such example of the importance of a name comes from the character of Denver. Denver was named after Amy, the young white woman that found Sethe, broken, pregnant, and needy, and nursed her back to health. To reconnect this naming to the importance of family, Denver was named after someone who was seen as a guardian angel, a positive force in her mothers life and that is exactly what Denver becomes. Denver is precious to her mother and represents goodness in her life both in her coming to be after Sethe escapes brutality and in her being Amys namesake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, the relationship between Denver and her unnamed sisters ghost is one I believe is incredibly powerful. The bond of these two sisters surpasses the physical living world and connects them between worlds and planes. A living girl and a ghost have arguably the most important relationship in this whole book. The undying and pure love Denver feels for her sister causes her great joy, yet when Paul D drives the ghost away, it causes Denver to feel terribly alone.   When the spirit of her sister is thought to come back, however, this time in the form of Beloved, both Denver and Sethe develop an attachment like no other. Although Beloved begins to mistreat Sethe and leech off of her, she is unable to see that she is being hurt by this relationship because her love for her daughter and her guilt about killing her was blinding. Towards the end, even though Denver knows that Beloved and consequently, her sister, are no more than a parasite failing to let her and her mother move on with their lives, she still dies loving Beloved with her whole soul, for seemingly no reason other than their familial bond.

The Making of an Advertisement A Reflection - 1439 Words

The first step in the development of the ad involved the agreement on what the ad would involve, mode of presentation and current marketing options that are trending. The basic step required the constitution of our team so that each could get roles to play in the ad development. We organized a conference call on November 20th, 2012. The people present on the call included Carrie Briscoe, Melisa Clark, Marcus Long and I. Allison and Stephen submitted ideas by email as they were not able to be on call. The first topic of discussion was to determine whether or not we wanted to advertise a product or service. As only Marcus had served in a service capacity, specifically engineering, we chose to advertise a product. Several products got proposed, but we chose to engage speech recognition software. We had a short brainstorming session to determine what to call it and ended up with the name Paper Talk. Our companys name is C+3 MAS, Experts in VR, VR meaning voice-recognition. Our other topi c of discussion was how to present our product to the public. As the past four youngest generations got saturated with communicating through social media, we chose social media such as sidebars in Facebook, CSU Global, and Google to present our product. The huge following accorded to social media, and the rising level of computer use even in the third world, offers a ready market for the product. The success of our team depended on our handling of the different aspects of the jobShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Of Evian Mineral Waters1162 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilding. He looks around and notices his reflection in the adjacent window is of him as a child. He jumps down to the ground where he lands in front of another window. Spiderman checks his reflection, trying to understand how he can see his younger self. He shoots out his webs and makes a version of london bridge and his younger self does it too, which makes it look like a full bridge. Furthermore, he dances, and jump ropes all to see if the reflection in the mirror can keep up. The commercial endsRead MoreHow Advertising Is An Effective Way For A Product1191 Words   |  5 Pageseffective way to promote a product, but only if the advertisers can create an advertisement that can catch the attention of the others and leave an impact on them. Advertisement images are different depend on the styles of the producers and the purposes of the products; however, they all need to have the linguistic message and the visual image to guide the viewers into the right directions. Besides this, the advertisements should be fitting into the country’s events or historical circumstances to beRead MoreMarketing Mix Paper: McDonalds1812 Words   |  7 Pagesof an effective and substantial balance among the elements of the marketing mix. The organization creates a successful mix through consideration of four critical factors. 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I take a closer look at two commercials and examine how they would be interrupted by two distinct social theorist, postmodernistRead MoreEssay on Parents ´ Negligence Leads to Child Obesity863 Words   |  4 PagesAs many people may have already noticed, child and teen obesity has become a greater problem in the United States. Could child and teen obesity be a reflection of a parent’s negligence? Many families don’t have time to cook nutritional meals, which causes many families to eat out nearly more than once a week. School cooked lunches aren’t exactly healthy either and many choices children make, parents don’t know about. Also, the media has a big impact on how c hild and teens eat. When children see

How Technology Effects Modern America Essay Example For Students

How Technology Effects Modern America Essay U.S. Wage TrendsThe microeconomic picture of the U.S. has changed immensely since 1973, and the trends are proving to be consistently downward for the nations high school graduates and high school drop-outs. ?Of all the reasons given for the wage squeeze ? international competition, technology, deregulation, the decline of unions and defense cuts ? technology is probably the most critical. It has favored the educated and the skilled,? says M. B. Zuckerman, editor-in-chief of U.S. News ; World Report (7/31/95). Since 1973, wages adjusted for inflation have declined by about a quarter for high school dropouts, by a sixth for high school graduates, and by about 7% for those with some college education. Only the wages of college graduates are up. Of the fastest growing technical jobs, software engineering tops the list. Carnegie Mellon University reports, ?recruitment of its software engineering students is up this year by over 20%.? All engineering jobs are paying well, proving that highly skilled labor is what employers want! ?There is clear evidence that the supply of workers in the categories already exceeds the demand for their services,? says L. Mishel, Research Director of Welfare Reform Network. In view of these facts, I wonder if these trends are good or bad for society. ?The danger of the information age is that while in the short run it may be cheaper to replace workers with technology, in the long run it is potentially self-destructive because there will not be enough purchasing power to grow the economy,? M. B. Zuckerman. My feeling is that the trend from unskilled labor to highly technical, skilled labor is a good one! But, political action must be taken to ensure that this societal evolution is beneficial to all of us. ?Back in 1970, a high school diploma could still be a ticket to the middle income bracket, a nice car in the driveway and a house in the suburbs. Today all it gets is a clunker parked on the street, and a dingy apartment in a low rent building,? says Time Magazine (Jan 30, 1995 issue). However, in 1970, our government provided our children with a free education, allowing the vast majority of our population to earn a high school diploma. This means that anyone, regardless of family income, could be educated to a level that would allow them a comfortable place in the middle class. Even restrictions upon child labor hours kept children in school, since they are not allowed to work full time while under the age of 18. This government policy was conducive to our economic markets, and allowed our country to prosper from 1950 through 1970. Now, our own prosperity has moved us into a highly technical world, that requires highly skilled labor. The natural answer to this problem, is that the U.S. Governments education policy must keep pace with the demands of the highly technical job market. If a middle class income of 1970 required a high school diploma, and the middle class income of 1990 requires a college diploma, then it should be as easy for the children of the 90s to get a college diploma, as it was for the children of the 70s to get a high school diploma. This brings me to the issue of our countrys political process, in a technologi cally advanced world. Voting Poisoned Political Process in The U.S. The advance of mass communication is natural in a technologically advanced society. In our countrys short history, we have seen the development of the printing press, the radio, the television, and now the Internet; all of these, able to reach millions of people. Equally natural, is the poisoning and corruption of these medias, to benefit a few. .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .postImageUrl , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:hover , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:visited , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:active { border:0!important; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:active , .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5229680ee13c250ff268d8aba06a857c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Levine, Jake EssayFrom the 1950s until today, television has been the preferred media. Because it captures the minds of most Americans, it is the preferred method of persuasion by political figures, multinational corporate advertising, and the upper 2% of the elite, who have an interest in controlling public opinion. Newspapers and radio experienced this same history, but are now somewhat obsolete in the science of changing public opinion. Though I do not suspect television to become completely obsolete within the next 20 years, I do see the Internet being used by the same political figures, multinational corporations, and upper 2% elite, for the same purposes. At this tim e, in the Internets young history, it is largely unregulated, and can be accessed and changed by any person with a computer and a modem; no license required, and no need for millions of dollars of equipment. But, in reviewing our history, we find that newspaper, radio and television were once unregulated too. It is easy to see why government has such an interest in regulating the Internet these days. Though public opinion supports regulating sexual material on the Internet, it is just the first step in total regulation, as experienced by every other popular mass media in our history. This is why it is imperative to educate people about the Internet, and make it be known that any regulation of it is destructive to us, not constructive! I have been a daily user of the Internet for 5 years (and a daily user of BBS communications for 9 years), which makes me a senior among us. I have seen the moves to regulate this type of communication, and have always openly opposed it. My feelings about technology, the Internet, and political process are simple. In light of the history of mass communication, there is nothing we can do to protect any media from the ?sound byte? or any other form of commercial poisoning. But, our countrys public opinion doesnt have to fall into a nose-dive of lies and corruption, because of it! The first experience I had in a course on Critical Thinking came when I entered college. As many good things as I have learned in college, I found this course to be most valuable to my basic education. I was angry that I hadnt had access to the power of critical thought over my twelve years of basic education. Simple forms of critical thinking can be taught as early as kindergarten. It isnt hard to teach a young person to understand the patterns of persuasion, and be able to defend themselves against them. Television doesnt have to be a weapon against us, used to sway our opinions to conform to people who care about their own prosperity, not o urs. With the power of a critical thinking education, we can stop being motivated by the sound byte and, instead we can laugh at it as a cheap attempt to persuade us. In conclusion, I feel that the advance of technology is a good trend for our society; however, it must be in conjunction with advance in education so that society is able to master and understand technology. We can be the masters of technology, and not let it be the masters of us. BibliographyWhere have the good jobs gone?, By: Mortimer B. ZuckermanU.S. News World Report, volume 119, pg 68(July 31, 1995)Wealth: Static Wages, Except for the Rich, By: John RothchildTime Magazine, volume 145, pg 60(January 30, 1995)Welfare Reform, By: Lawrence Mishelhttp://epn.org/epi/epwelf.html(Feb 22, 1994)20 Hot Job Tracks, By: K.T. Beddingfield, R. M. Bennefield, J. Chetwynd, T. M. Ito, K. Pollack A. R. WrightU.S. News World Report, volume 119, pg 98(Oct 30, 1995)

Abortion Essays (1646 words) - Abortion, , Term Papers

Abortion Abortion Abortion is the ending of pregnancy before birth and is morally wrong. An abortion results in the death of an embryo or a foetus. Abortion destroys the lives of helpless, innocent children and illegal in many countries. By aborting these unborn infants, humans are hurting themselves; they are not allowing themselves to meet these new identities and unique personalities. Abortion is very simply wrong. Everyone is raised knowing the difference between right and wrong. Murder is wrong, so why is not abortion? People argue that it is not murder if the child is unborn. Abortion is murder since the foetus being destroyed is living, breathing and moving. Why is it that if an infant is destroyed a month before the birth, there is no problem, but if killed a month after birth, this is inhumane murder? It is morally and strategically foolish, because we lose the middle when we talk about reproductive rights without reference to a larger moral and spiritual dimension, and we are unwilling to use language like transgression and redemption, or right and wrong. -Wolf p54 The main purpose abortions are immoral is how they are so viciously done. Everyday, innocent, harmless foetuses that could soon be laughing children are being brutally destroyed. One form of abortion is to cut the foetus into pieces with serrated forceps before being removed, piece by piece from the uterus by suction with a vacuum aspirator. Another form consists of bringing the foetus feet first into the birth canal, puncturing its skull with a sharp instrument and sucking out the brain tissue. The body parts, such as the head, are given letters, rather than refer to the parts as what they are. In my opinion this is for the doctors who cannot face the reality of what they are doing. The remains of the foetus or embryo, as the case may be, are put into everyday, plastic buckets and then sent to a dumpster where these precious bones and limbs are disposed. However, how and when an abortion takes place are matters of little importance to pro- abortionists and other defenders. Even former abortion practitioners from varying backgrounds and religions have a new view on abortion. These changes of heart were caused by psychological, religious and scientific reasons. One doctor, Dr. Bernard Nathanson, performed 60,000 abortions and supervised 10,000, before scientific evidence and the use of an ultrasound, convinced him he was promoting and participating what he now calls "the most atrocious holocaust in the history of the United States." Other doctors refuse to perform legal abortions, saying they should save lives rather than destroy them. Many argue is it the women's or the foetus' rights and values that are being trampled on? "Pro-choice movements sometimes fall back on an abortion rhetoric that seems to dehumanize and trivialize the death of a foetus as a way to humanize and make important the reproductive rights of women." (Wolf p54) "Women can treat an unwanted foetus as a violation of her civil rights and is therefor justified tin using force to expel it" (McMillan pA12) The decision is not up to the mother because she is not God. Only God, the ultimate creator has the right to choose who may live and who shall die. Humans do not have the right or the power to control the quality of life and to avoid suffering. "The issue of abortion is not just life, but how life is created and the extent to which human intention and control the process, both before and after birth. All humans inventions and interventions may give us a world to regret." (Clark p3) With abortion, we humans give ourselves dominion over a large part of God's plans and our destiny. Abortion becomes especially evil when the bond between mother and child is broken and it is being used as an alternative birth control when humans cannot control their irresponsible sexual hungers. If beings are responsible enough to be sexually active, they should also be responsible enough to accept consequences, and if that means becoming pregnant and creating a life, then that life should have the opportunity to live. There should be a bond or relationship between a mother and child, whether born or unborn. Mothers and her children form a bond unlike any other felling of love; when a child is aborted, before given the right to grow in the bond, does the mother feel the connection with her child or is it just uterine material. Abortion is never about just abortion. It is about questions like whether the society at large, or individual pieces of it,

Essay on Sociology 1001

Essay on Sociology 1001 Essay on Sociology 1001 SOC 1001: Introduction to Sociology What is sociology? Systematic study of human social life How people act in groups & because of groups How individuals affect society and how society affects individuals Ways our thoughts and actions are partly due to our culture& socialization NOT inner workings of the mind isolation Why do sociology? agency = the ability of people to act in the social world. How does one do sociology? 1. Develop your â€Å"sociological imagination† 2. Build on useful ideas & prior research 3. Use appropriate methods 1. Sociological Imagination (C. Wright Mills) â€Å"A quality of mind† that does three things: 1. Helps us see relationship between man/ biography/ self & society/ history/ world 2. Distinguishes between personal troubles & public issues Troubles: caused by individual flaws or bad luck  · From the perspective of an individual. e.g., â€Å"Sarah doesn’t have any comfortable shoes.† Issues: caused by broader cultural factors  · When there is a pattern to the personal troubles then it’s a public issue, especially if the pattern follows socially important boundaries, like gender  · e.g., â€Å"Women’s fashionable shoes are rarely comfortable.† 3. Gives us awareness of the social structures (constraints) that affect our lives Society = Any relatively self-contained and self sufficient group of human beings who are united by social relationships. There are distinct boundaries Social structure = The organized patterns in social relationships and in social institutions that together constitute society. 2. Build on prior work to answer Big Questions What is the relationship between social structure and human agency? How is society held together? How is order maintained? What causes social change? Influential Theorists: Emile Durkheim Key Theories: Functionalism society is an integrated whole , each part contributes to its proper functioning each piece depends on others â€Å"social facts† = things that exist outside of us and constrain us Each social institution has functions (religions, families, education systems†¦) They function together as a system in balance If you disturb one institution, then other institutions have to change to restore balance (Society’s system is still adjusting to past changes) Influential Theorists: Karl Marx Key Theories: Conflict theory Saw tension and conflict as inherent aspects of capitalist society People in power created the current system. Current system serves the powerful Conflict about change is inevitable (defend/change) Influential Theorists: Max Weber (VEH-burr) concept of verstehen, seeing things from others point of view. Argued: we can’t separate ourselves from what we study Influential Theorists: W.E.B. DuBois Double Consciousness – viewing yourself through the eyes of others Focused on the role of history and experience in how you interpret the world Key Theories: Symbolic Interaction (founders incl Weber & DuBois) symbols (words, body language, what we wear, †¦) communicate meaning When we interact, we exchange & interpret symbols micro-level interactions (and, importantly, our interpretations of them) are fundamental building blocks of society and also reveal societal constraints & meanings social change comes through change in symbols and their meanings 3. How can we test the theories? This is a social science, but there’s debate about how well this can work a) Social facts are facts vs. b) We interpret what we see through our personal filters Ways of gathering sociological data Quantitative: count things & look for patterns (e.g., surveys, controlled experiments, content analysis of interviews or interactions) Qualitative: put yourself in their shoes

Robin hood case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Robin hood - Case Study Example As it is clear now, the band has begun to exceed food capacity, it means no more people will join the band and probably some of the ones within may also decide to leave. This will only weaken Robin against the Sheriff; hence, he needs a stronger economic background. It is a common say that two hands are better than one, and this is fact that works well for political agendas where tyranny of numbers is needed. Therefore, socio culturally, Robin needs to create a network of genuine supporters with whom they share similar agenda that they would want to change if given chance to. He therefore needs to create a very big band of men and consider involving everyone through reasonable agenda. Robin is in a point where he needs to treat all information with the importance that it requires. At this particular time, he needs to be at the receiving end of all the information around the area. He therefore needs to improve on the vigilance so that he is able to tap and filter all the important and relevant information for the purposes of his preparation. He therefore requires the use of technological advancement in the telecommunication sector to aim at achieving information vigilance. In a nutshell, Robin needs to know that he can only win his opposition to the Sheriff when working together with people. He requires a lot of transparency, togetherness and giving yourself out for the service of others. He also needs to be economically and politically empowered to blend his good and readiness to serve